Celebrity Censorship: Annotated Bibliography

This bond that is created between the viewer and a celebrity helps understand the effectiveness that endorsements have where marketers have failed. The celebrity builds character in the eyes of the public and that character carries on into the product he is endorsing, and even though a part of the persuasion has to exist in the product itself, but a celebrity uses his status and the character he has built to gain credibility and likeability among the target audience. This character the celebrity transfers to the product is known as the “meaning “(2). The transfer of the meaning to the product goes through three stages. The first stage is in finding the celebrity with the desired meaning that they want to carry to the product this requires casting from the wide world of celebrity endorsers. The second stage is choosing which celebrity embodies the meaning the marketing campaign requires for the product, this stage is subject to expense restraints and availability. After deciding on an endorser stage three is the most complicated stage as in this step the endorser has to be able to transfer that meaning into the product, they have to make this meaning “available to the consumer in a material form”(2), this stage allows the consumer to accept the meaning they are given and accept the product and you use is a tool to build their own character. These three steps not only

five year old kid is cursing at them or trying to fight back at them.

One 's surroundings ultimately impact their thought process and decisions. In order to spread ideas, people often look to the media. However, individuals ideas can only spread as long as freedom of expression is present and the element of fear is not. When individuals do not have this freedom or they have a fear of sharing their opinions, they filter or censor their work. The idea of censorship is a prominent element of today’s society and is apparent throughout history. Examples of censorship include the banning of books, movie ratings, music lyrics and governmental attempts to control the press and the media. Governments often use censorship with the goal of controlling the

Censorship is altering or blocking certain material from media, internet, and books. With the emergence of different communication technologies, this has been all-pervasive. This is most seen in television programs. There are different disputes as to whether it more harmful than beneficial .Many proponents think that the use of it will establish a balance in what is shown in T.V shows, while opponents are criticizing on the foundation of threats and violations that it poses to people’s right to speech.

What would life be like without censorship? Though there might be upsides to it, such as more freedom of speech, it could also cause some problems. Not only would we be exposing children to many horrors of the world, we also would be doing nothing to prevent offensive and oppressive content in the media. Therefore, some censorship is necessary for all people; however, in most cases, we should be allowed access to most information in society.

Celebrity endorsement is possibly the most successful form of advertising. The fact that a celebrity approves of a product is often enough for people to get on board. Advertisements create a false life or image. Chiat says in his article: “Advertising--including movies, TV, and music videos--presents to us a world that is not our world but rather a collection of images and ideas created for the purpose of selling” (Chiat 212) .There is no better way to sell a false life or idea than to have a celebrity sell it for you.

Over the course of the 1950s, a frantic and reactionary fear of Communism permeated the American consciousness, touching nearly every aspect of American life. This fear was evident nowhere more visibly than the entertainment industry, which found itself the object of attacks from Congress, the public, and even the regulatory agency of Hollywood itself. These attacks resulted in a blacklist of writers, directors, and actors accused of being Communist sympathizers, and almost everyone on the blacklist was unable to find work as a result. However, the Hollywood blacklist was not an unusual idea, and by examining the history of the blacklist with an eye towards Hollywood censorship more generally, it becomes clear that the blacklist was barely the latest in a long line of production companies and regulators agreeing to the tough demands of the public. This trend points toward more of the same kind of censorship and coercion in the future, because Hollywood studios are facing many of the same economic difficulties that encouraged them to gleefully participate in the blacklisting the first time around.

It has already been 8 years, and I still don’t know how to take care of him. My child is a high maintenance Himalayan cat who needs to be constantly combed, but I still don’t know how to brush his fur. Most of the time, my sister is the one who combs him. All I do is pick up his waste, and play with him. I want to be able to make my cat look elegant, fluffy and beautiful as well. When I see my sister brush his fur, his purr echoes throughout the room, and he is slowly drifting off into his fish catching dreams.

Beneficial of pay attention to market trends and to keep with local tastes. Celebrities appeal makes for exceptional advertising. And finally it pays to keep up with merging trends in the market.

Celebrities and consumers alike have evolved thoroughly throughout the years, which has led to them overlapping quite exponentially. Personalities are interlinked majorly with consumers since without the other; the other would cease to exist. This is evident as celebrities livelihood relies completely upon the consumer culture of citizens, which is what makes them famous, and gives them that celebrity role. Whilst this is apparent, the links involve

Celebrities can have a significant influence on their consumers’ choices because they are influential. For example, Lebron James, a famous basketball player, has been advertising for the Sprite company. This shows that company believes the stars, such as Lebron James can help advertise and promote their company because consumers will believe that Sprite helped Lebron James become a skillful basketball player. As a result, this will influence consumers to buy and drink Sprite.

Celebrity endorsements are one of the most famous methods of marketing used today. Celebrity endorsers are being used in about 25% of all the advertisements that we can see on the television. Marketers are investing large sums of money to have a contract with the celebrities as they believe that celebrities can affect the chances of success of a product. (Erica Weintraub Austina*, 2008) Kiakati

Celebrity endorsement is a billion dollar industries today (Kambitsis et al., 2002) with companies signing deals with celebrities hoping that they can help them stand out from the clutter and give them a unique and relevant position in the mind of the consumer. According to Solomon (2002), the reasons for using celebrity endorsement involves its potential to create awareness, positive feelings towards their advertising and brand. Research has shown that celebrity endorsement can have an impact on the consumer’s attention, recall, evaluations and purchase intentions (Atkin and Block, 1993), Celebrity endorsement is a widely used tactic in marketing and much research

Furthermore there are other researches as well which suggest that the approach of using a celebrity to endorse a product can not be viewed as a general practice of using any celebrity for any product endorsement. Pornpitakpan (2003), while discussing match-up hypothesis, describes the results of a study by Erdogen et al (2001) which suggests that "British advertising agency managers considered various criteria like celebrity- target audience match, celebrity-product match, overall image of the celebrity, cost of hiring the celebrity, celebrity trustworthiness, controversy risk, celebrity familiarity, celebrity prior endorsements, celebrity likeability, risk of celebrity overshadowing the brands, celebrity expertise, celebrity profession and celebrity physical attractiveness". A match between the target market and the endorser is important for effectively transmitting right message to target audience. For example, the advertisements which are produced by Pepsi, are mostly targeted for youths and so the celebrity endorsers that they use in their advertisements are young personalities. The match up hypothesis goes true for the multiple celebrity advertising as well. A good example of this is the Pulse Polio campaign taken up in India to eradicate the polio

The parameters of the term censorship have been changed and manipulated very much over the years. Television and movie ratings have become more lenient against violence and indiscretion because these things are now seen as entertainment. Is this appropriate for our youth? Should children be exposed to these images so early on? How does censorship in the media affect adolescents? Children are the future of our society and need to have some understanding of real world occurrences. Ultimately, censorship can only be determined by the parents. The media cannot filter every bit of controversial images. What rights does the media have in this situation? How are their First Amendment rights applied here? As an aspiring political science