Cell Culture was first practice with cells of a donor named Henrietta Lacks in the early 1900’s.

Delivery tube Conical flask Hydrochloric acid Calcium carbonate chips Burette Beaker Electric scales Measuring cylinder Tub Water Electric timer Goggles Retort stand The different factors that can affect my experiment are the temperature, the concentration of my reactants and the

7- what term refer to allowing food to remain for too ong a time in a temperature that allows the growth of germs

Embryonic cells should be allowed to be used because of the medical benefits they provide. They can be used to cure diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, traumatic spinal cord injury, Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, heart disease, and even vision and hearing loss (nih.gov 2009). There is no problem using them for medical purposes and it is not immoral to use them for this reason. Embryonic cells have the potential to save lives. Therefore, the usage of embryonic cells outweighs the ethical issues.

Unless otherwise directed to do so, students should work alone in doing in the laboratory exercises. Take extreme care when using the analytical balances, thermometers, and other items of equipment that are expensive and/or may be easily broken. When the laboratory exercise is completed, all equipment should be cleaned and put in its proper place or in the locker in an orderly way. The bench top and common work areas should also be

The cells in her tissue sample, known as HeLa cells, were the first human cells to endure in culture. They not only were able to survive, but were also

I think Lacks had the most adversity because Henrietta Lacks got some of her healthy cervical tissue out, which she said doctors took her cells without asking! The doctors of physician took her cells because they said it was immortal. They wanted to take tests and see if it would continue to reproduce. Also her family didn’t even know anything until 20 years later from her death. They began to do tests on her children and husband without any consent. The doctors have an industry worth well over a million dollars. Though the doctors used Henrietta's’ cells and her family's cells they didn’t get any profit, which they should get a good amount of it because it was there cells that began this industry.

Imagine your tissues growing around the world daily, and they never stop. This happened to Henrietta Lacks. She is best known for the cells that formed the HeLa cell line. This cell line has been used extensively in medical research ever since its successful culturing in 1951. HeLa cells have sparked a large debate on ownership of tissues and cells. Discussions have occured about these issues ever since HeLa cells were discovered. Still today millions of tissue samples have been used without the owner’s knowledge. If a person’s identity has been removed from the tissue, scientists do not have to ask permission to use them for their benefit. This has sparked problems because people’s opinion on this vary depending on what they know about DNA

According to the text, the cells were a major work in the laboratory. The cells were used to create vaccines for inactivated viruses, and were tested multiple times before being used for human patients. The cells were also used to revitalize research on how viruses behave, and how to help reprogram cells. This led to the evolution of freezing cells and tissue, along with culturing them. It also led to the development of cell cloning, to research AIDS, cancer, hemophilia, Parkinson’s disease, genetic disorders and the toxic effects of radiation on

Dr. George Gey was responsible for Henrietta’s treatment and as a result, gave him access to her cells; this allowed Gey to carry out tests on Henrietta’s cancer cells without her knowledge. This led to George Gey taking and culturing Henrietta’s without permission. That’s when Gey noticed something unusual about the cells, Henrietta’s cultured cells began to expand at a rapid rate, “They kept growing like nothing anyone had seen, doubling their numbers every twenty-four hours, stacking hundreds on top of hundreds, accumulating by the millions” (page 57). This demonstrates the growth of Henrietta’s cells and the importance of this discovery. Gey told his closest colleagues about his discovery which led to him distributing the cells to different

Ethical principles were not followed during the retrieval and research of Henrietta Lacks’ cells. The doctors at Johns Hopkins University took Henrietta’s cells while she was under anesthesia without her knowing or having her consent. Although many doctors were taking cells from their patients without their consent does not make taking Henrietta’s cells ethical. Researchers began using Henrietta’s cells (HeLa cells) to help make new medical discoveries such as the polio vaccine without her or her family knowing about it. After she died huge medical discoveries were made with her still living cells; some of these discoveries include cancer medications, major vaccines, and gene mapping to name a few. The family did not know about the use of her

For example, the text shows how Henrietta and her family could have avoided this situation. “Today it’s possible for scientists to immortalize cells by exposing them to certain viruses or chemicals, but very few cells have become immortal on their own as Henrietta’s did” (Skloot pg.213). This quote shows that overtime scientists were able to make advancements in technology and their discoveries made cells immortal. Eventually, this became possible and proves that what happened to Henrietta and her family was redundant.

this means that is the optimal temperature, but in bacterial occur in less time than in fungal

Finally there is the Hyperthermophiles. Found in very hot temperatures such as hydrothermal vents in deep oceans. With this said, the two microorganisms that I worked with would be known as Mesophiles. Both of these microorganisms grow on or in the human body. They prefer moist heat that is body temperature. I made an incubation box to help mimic the temperatures needed. Typically trying to maintain the temperature of thirty seven degrees Celsius.

Many protocols have been utilized to culture mESC’s. Lin and Talbot have written a chapter on the culturing of both mouse and human embryonic stem cells. The culturing is done using 2 sets of cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mEFs) to provide a feeder layer, and the culturing of the actual mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Ensure reagents are at 37 degrees Celsius to prevent temperature shock to cells.

Once the stem cells are derived from either the In Vitro Fertilization embryo, or the aborted fetus they are then put into a cell culture where they can grow. If the cells stay alive during this time period they are sent to other laboratories for research.