Cell Membrane Lab Report

If feeding efficiency and reproduction have a direct correlation, and a population started with equal proportions of individuals with each of three feeding types, metal spoon, metal knife, and plastic fork, the frequency of the population with metal spoons as their feeding structure will increase in the next generation. While the frequency of metal knifes and plastic forks will decrease. Furthermore, since the organisms with the metal spoon feeding structure have a higher fitness level, this population will evolve by natural selection to a point where the metal spoon phenotype will be in abundant. While the organisms with metal knifes and plastic forks phenotypes will decrease in frequency due to the lack of reproduction. Eventually, if this population persist overtime, most of the organisms, if not all, will have the metal spoon phenotype, while very few, if not any, will have the metal knife or the plastic fork phenotype.

Migita and Moriyama (2004) declare that in unknown environments, animal behaves inappropriately by expressing their innate or learned behavioral patterns. A. vulgare are often found constantly moving around the edge of the Petri dish because the environment is unfamiliar and appears as an obstacle (Migita and Moriyama 2004). One observation of pill bug’s movement is when they follow each other. Males can detect females through distance chemical communication (Beauché and Richard 2013). Due to aggregation pheromone, the A. vulgare are attracted to each other.

A cell, the building block of all living organisms, is composed of four fundamental biomolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, sugars and lipids. Proteins provide a vast amount of functions cells such as they serve as enzymes, provide structural support to cells, and act as antibodies. Reagents are used to spark a chemical reaction. The reagent used to detect protein traces in a substance is Biuret’s. Biuret’s will turn purple if proteins are present and blue if they are none. Biuret’s copper particles, have a charge of +2, are diminished to a charge of +1 when peptide bonds, which are in proteins, are present, creating the color change. Polysaccharides, which are carbohydrates, are most notably known to provide energy to the body, but they also help in breaking down fatty acids. Iodine is the reagent used to determine whether a substance has starch in it. The iodine/starch complex has energy levels that are only for retaining unmistakable light, giving the complex its extraordinarily dark black-blue shade. If there is no starch found, iodine will remain its natural yellowish-brownish color, but if starch is present, iodine will turn blue-black. Monosaccharides, which are sugars, like polysaccharides, provide the body with energy. To detect monosaccharides, the reagent, Benedict’s, is used. Benedict’s reagent is added to a test tube, then it is placed in

-Arthropods use pheromones, this includes sowbugs and cockroaches. Chemical signals are picked up by antennae.

bug), as well as hypothesize whether it will be attracted to, repelled by, or unresponsive to

Make three exposures using given technical factors on a phantom knee in PA position . Include saline bags in exposures 1 and 2 to demonstrate patient soft tissue thickness.

This experiment was constructed to determine which type of writing utensil the termites were most attracted to and why. The experiment was performed by placing two separate circles (one red papermate and one lead pencil) on a piece of paper to see what line is favored by the termite. The termite was placed on the lead pencil path first, and then on the red papermate pen path to count how many seconds the termite remained on or followed the pathway. The termite stayed on the red papermate line for a much more significant time than on the lead pencil line. “The presence of insect pheromones that chemically control the behavior of highly specialized social insect

Ps: the iodine was already really dark so it was very hard to see much difference between the control and the others.

Activators of Adenylate Cyclase would cause production of cAMP, which is a second messenger. This would amplify the signal and increase the extent of the scent.

This experiment seeks to analyze how the resting membrane potential of Orconectes rusticus muscle cells changes in response to increasing [K+]o solution concentrations. By recording the intracellular voltage of the DEM, DEL1, and DEL2 crayfish muscle cells at six concentrations of [K+]o solution, we determined whether the observed resting membrane potentials (Vrest) were significantly different from the predicted Nernst equilibrium potential values. We hypothesized that the Vrest of the crayfish muscles at each concentration would not significantly differ from the Nernst potential, which solely considers the permeability of potassium ions to the cell membrane. However, our findings suggested differently, and results indicated that the Nernst equation did not accurately predict the obtained values of the resting membrane potential. The differences in muscle cell Vrest reveal instead that the membrane is differentially permeable to other ions.

Figure 1. shows the average leaf mass decomposition rate for invasive species leaves and native species leaves Results Explanation – In the experiment, we found that the invasive species leaves have a isopods faster decomposition rate than the native species leaves. The treatment used in the experiment differentiated only where the 1 gram (each) of the two different types of leaves were used. At the end of the experiment, the leaves had little to no moisture left to them and the 2 isopods were dead. Discussion – 1)

problem: Do Tobacco Hornworms have a sense of smell and if so, is it strong enough to lead them to a stimulus?

The findings of this experiment reinforced the hypothesis that the resting membrane potential is most influenced by the ion potassium. We were able to deduce this through the collection of a multitude of intracellular and extracellular recordings, such as the one shown below in Figure 1. This shows how this experiment was able to record every single resting membrane potential in all three different muscle groups under all six solutions.

Choice B is incorrect because too much carbohydrates lead to the cause of coliform bacteria to die, not acidophilic bacteria. Acidophilic bacteria means acid loving bacteria, so the heightened ph would not kill them, it would make more of them grow. If more of them grow, the LPS that causes inflammation is not circulating, because they would only circulate if the bacteria dies.

1. Chamberlain et al. Effects of Tonicity on Cell Membrane . Human Physiology Labratory Manual, 8th Edition, Expt 6 part C and D