Cell Structure, Inflammation And Immune System: A Case Study

§ inappropriate treatment of people with infection and lack of information in the person’s personal care plan

Dr. T should not offer an antibiotic to the patient. It would be a waste of resources and money to give a patient a treatment that will be physiologically useless to them when the patient is uneducated.

Clinical Manifestations: (What are the textbook signs & symptoms of the disease? *Highlight the s/s your patient has.)

Jane presented with a wound to her lower left leg which, following a holistic assessment (appendix 2), was diagnosed as a venous leg ulcer. The assessment was conducted in accordance with Local PCT Leg Ulcer Guidelines (appendix 3) as well as RCN Guidelines (RCN 2006) to rule out other possible aetiology such as arterial ulceration, diabetes or malignancy (Moloney and Grace 2004). Although traditionally considered uncommon, recent studies suggest that malignant ulcers are more prevalent than previously thought (Miller et al 2003, Taylor 1998) therefore even though initial assessment suggests an uncomplicated venous ulcer, if Jane’s wound fails to heal following appropriate treatment then specialist advice will be sought. Between 17% and 65% of people with a leg ulcer experience severe or continuous pain with a major impact on quality of life (Briggs and Nelson, 2003) and effective pain relief is important to maximise quality of life, to enable mobilisation and improve appetite to facilitate wound healing. Fortunately, Jane experienced no pain from the leg ulcer prior to or at the time of assessment. However, careful review and monitoring of any pain will be important throughout the treatment process as the first line of treatment for uncomplicated venous leg ulcers are compression systems (RCN 2006) and although compression counteracts the harmful effects of venous hypertension and

lacerations, burns - including friction burns and scalds, drowsiness, pressure sores, cowering and flinching, unexplained hair loss,

skin condition that staph is able to cause is cellulitis. It is more common in people who have a weakened immune system such as people who are immunocompromised, infants, and the elderly. Cellulitis is characterized by a red, warm patch on the skin paired with a fever. “The bacteria that cause cellulitis can spread rapidly, entering lymph nodes and your bloodstream. Recurrent episodes of cellulitis may cause chronic swelling of the affected limb” (Mayo, 2015). Cellulitis is spread extremely easily, and is a big issue within long term care facilities. The infection can be cured by antibiotics. However, there are cases reported stating that cellulitis is becoming resistant to some antibiotics. The doctor can order a culture to send to pathology.

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: David Lockman is a 44-year-old male who injured his right knee on July 21, 2015 when a circular saw came into contact with his medial right knee. He was taken to the operative suite by Dr. Lin for an emergent irrigation and debridement. He tolerated this very well. He was admitted overnight for antibiotic coverage, and discharged with instructions to weight bear as tolerated with the use of a hinged knee brace and walker. He was doing well but presents today with ongoing pain of 6-7/10. His biggest concern was that the swelling, redness, and edema was now extensive down the leg and into the ankle and foot causing him some ankle pain, as well. He has been using Norco for control of his pain. He is not taking any antibiotics currently. He is set up for

The patient is an 86-year-old female who was brought to the emergency room because of bilateral leg swelling. She was recently discharged from the Arbor Glen Reha and she's developed increasing bilateral leg edema. Her medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease stage II, anemia which is a chronic, ulcer in the sacral ulcer stage III and she denies any other symptoms. Review of the lab work does show a bump in her creatinine from 1.27 baseline in February of 18 to 1.54 on this admission with an increase in her BUN. She also demonstrates a mild anemia of 10 with a MCV of 90. Her edema is described as massive by the attending physician. PT examination reveals she needs significant assistance to moneuver her

After a few days blisters, bruises and swelling started to present all over her right lower limb, just

You need to return to the ER if you: Develop a fever of 100.4 F or shaking chills, note increased drainage or odor coming from the wound, develop redness or swelling in or around the wound, increased pain. If you develop signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia such as confusion, anxiety, blurred vision, shakiness, loss of consciousness, hunger make sure you take glucose tablets, drink juice, or eat candy and call the medical doctor or go to the closest emergency department if the issues are unresolved.

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system is activated to attack myelin in the CNS. In regards to Multiple Sclerosis I believe it is the medical neurologist role to do proper diagnosing. In regards to MS it’s important to complete a MRI of the brain and/or spinal cord to discover if there are scars or plaques in the images. The CSF would demonstrate an abnormality in the immunology (Grant &Adam, 2009). It would also be fundamental to educate the patient on the symptoms they may experience that can vary from patient to patient. Symptoms would include bladder problems, weakness, visual symptoms, tremors, fatigue, impaired coordination, spasticity, and /or trouble with short term memory (Grant &Adam,

It looks very red (dependent rubor) compared to the other leg. It feels cool and his toe nails are thick and brittle. The skin of the leg looks taut and shiny with no hair. He states he has no pain in the leg but experiences sharp pain when pressure is applied around his ankle area. After breakfast, he moves to the bed, and the leg’s skin color becomes less reddish.

be less likely to be infected by the virus(Carson-DeWitt). Antibiotics are only given to the patient if

The patient is a 72-year-old female who tells me on August 11th she had a fall onto concrete. She scraped her left anterior shin. She was seen in Myhealth Kittery two times. She was placed on Keflex for which she tells me is a total of 14 days. She tells me the lesion does look a lot better. She has been washing it several times a day. She is not able to keep it covered as she has reactions not only to any type of tape that she uses, but also to bandages themselves. She apparently did receive a tetanus pertussis shot in the urgent care setting. She has not had any fevers. Her major concern today is that there is some swelling of the leg, which the urgent care told was normal, but she wanted

Gordon Sroufe is a 90 years old male with PMH of DM, HTN, PVD, CKD, GERD, and hx of DVTs and PE who was hospitalized for left leg cellulitis. He was treated with IV ATB and discharged on PO clindamycin. New medication teaching is completed. He verbalized understanding the teaching. His left leg has an unopened blister (1.5x2.5cm) on his anterior aspect of his left leg. The blister has erythematic tissue around it. Betadine was applied on the blister. And, wrapped with ACE wrap and rolled gauze. Pt’s wife will do the wound care in the day pt is not going to get SNV. Education regarding s/s of complication and importance of good blood glucose control to facilitate healing was completed. He verbalized understand the teaching.