Cellular Digestive System

In contrast, there are four metabolic stages happened in cellular respiration, which are the glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, in which catabolism is begun by breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. Two molecules of ATP are produced too. Some of they either enter the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) or the electron transport chain, or go into lactic acid cycle if there is not enough oxygen, which produces lactic acid. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, which completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate into carbon dioxide. The citric acid cycle produced some more ATPs and other molecules called NADPH and FADPH. After this, electrons are passed to the electron transport chain through

First the air that’s breathed in travels down the trachea, into the lungs, through the bronchioles and into tiny air sacs called alveoli. The oxygen in the alveoli diffuses into the capillaries, where there’s a lower concentration of oxygen. The thin walls of the capillaries allow the oxygen to diffuse through into the blood. The circulatory system then carries the blood around the body, supplying cells with the oxygen required for energy; allowing them to function. Glucose is also needed, which comes from the digestive system. Glucose is made from the sugary or starchy foods consumed. It start off in the mouth where the salivary glands produce saliva, which contains amylase which breaks down the sugars and starch. It then travels to the stomach, where it’s mixed with other enzymes and fluids, becoming a mixture known as chyme. Chyme, then travels to the small intestine where there are tiny, finger-like structures called villi on the surface walls of the intestine. Villi, are one cell thick making it easy to absorb particles, such as glucose, into the blood from the chyme which is passing through the small intestine. Once in the bloodstream, the circulatory system transports the glucose to cells to be used for energy.

Aerobic respiration happens only when oxygen is presented in the cell. Aerobic respiration starts with pyruvate crossing into the mitochondria. When it passes through, a Coenzyme A will attach to it producing Acetyl CoA, CO2, and NADH. Acetyl CoA will enter into the Krebs cycle. In the Krebs cycle Acetyl CoA will bound with Oxaloacetic Acid (OAA), a four carbon molecule, producing the six carbon molecule, Citric Acid. Citric Acid will reorganize into Isocitrate. This will lose a CO2 and make a NADH turning itself into alpha ketoglutarate, a five carbon molecule. Alpha ketoglutarate will turn into an unstable four carbon molecule, which attaches to CoA making succinyl CoA. During that process a CO2 and NADH is made. An ATP is made when CoA leaves and creates Succinate. This molecule is turned into Fumarate, creating two FADH2 in the process. Then Fumarate is turned into Malate then into OAA making two NADH. Only two ATP is produced in Krebs cycle but the resulting NADHs and FADH2s are passed through an electron transport chain and ATP synthase. When the molecules passes through that cycle a total of 28 ATP molecules are produced. In all aerobic respiration produces 32 ATP and waste products of H2O and

The acetyl group from pyruvate is oxidised in a series of nine reactions; the citric acid cycle. Also known as the Krebs cycle, it is the second stage of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a 3 stage process where organic fuel molecules are broken down, in the presence of oxygen, to harvest energy. These reactions occur in the mitochondrial matrix.

After all of that the oxygen enters our bloodstream by diffusing through the membranes of the lungs and then into the blood vessels. This is then passed onto another system which is The Circulatory System; this system then transports the oxygen to all of the cells in the body and picks up any waste products on the way.

The first part of cellular respiration is glycolysis where energy is spent to break a glucose molecule down into two pyruvate molecules. A glucose molecule comes from your food and has 6 carbons on it. Glycolysis partially breaks

Once our digestive system has done its thing, breaking larger down into smaller particles, the resulting [products] are carried to our cells by our circulatory system to our tiny cells where cellular respiration happens.

Glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle, however, this stage does require oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria. During the Krebs cycle, pyuvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. This begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondria. As the cycle continues, citric acid is broken down into a 4-carbon molecule and more carbon dioxide is released. Then, high-energy electrons are passed to electron carriers and taken to the electron transport chain. All this produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 4 CO2 molecules.

The digestive system is the process of turning food that we eat into nutrients that the body uses for energy. This system also creates waste that the body needs to eliminate. We are now going to talk about the journey of food through the digestive system to see how everything works together to reserve the nutrients of the food we take in everyday and how the body removes all the remaining substances from our body.

The respiratory system is the process responsible for the transportation and exchange of gases into and out of the human body. As we breath in, oxygen in the air containing oxygen is drawn into the lungs through a series of air pipes known as the airway and into the lungs. As air is drawn into the lungs and waste gas excreted, it passes through the airway, first through the mouth or nose and through the pharynx, larynx and windpipe – also known as the trachea. At this point it then enters the lungs through the bronchi before finally reaching the air sacs known as alveoli. Within the lungs, through a process known as diffusion, the oxygen is transferred to the blood stream through the alveoli (air ducts) where it is then transported inside

The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions which occur in the mitochondria and results in the formation of ATP and other molecules which undergo farther reactions to form more ATP. Cellular respiration can be divided into four sequences. The first sequence is glycolysis, its breaks down one molecule glucose into two molecules pyruyate. Transition takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and it’s referred to the beginning of aerobic respiration. The process takes place if there is enough amounts of oxygen in the mitochondria. However if there is insufficient oxygen in the mitochondria it could result into fermentation. Transition Reactions take place in the pyruvate molecule. In transition reactions two hydrogen electrons and one carbon

The digestive system is very important in digesting food and breaking it down so it can be digested easily. The digestive system turns food into energy. Throughout the process there are nutrients which are absorbed. There are many things that contributed to the digestive system such as the mouth which produces saliva which helps to break down food and nutrients such as carbohydrates with the help of an enzyme called amylase. The major food groups which are called macro nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins and fats. All of these nutrients play an important role in the body. There are also many micro-nutrients which include vitamins and minerals which provide the body with health and well-being. The digestive system is made up of the mouth, which includes the teeth (the teeth are used to cut and grind food into smaller pieces, they contain blood vessels and nerves), tongue (the tongue is a muscle that has a rough surface including the taste buds), salvia glands (they produce salvia which moistens the food to make is easier to digest), the pharynx (this helps the food travel to the stomach, the pharynx also plays an important role in the respiratory system. It also contains 2 different flaps to separate the 2 functions), esophagus (this connects the pharynx to the stomach and transports chewed food to the stomach), stomach (this is a muscle that is

aerobic respiration the Pyruvate enters the Citric acid cycle in which 6 CO2 (1 molecule

Anaerobic respiration occurs during prolonged exercise as our heart and muscle use up a lot of oxygen, this prevents oxygen from being transported to the lungs quick enough. The word equation for this is Glucose---- Lactic acid and energy. I

The atmosphere is the body of air which surrounds our planet. Most of our atmosphere is located close to the earth's surface where it is most dense. The air of our planet is 78% nitrogen and just under 21% oxygen; the small amount remaining is composed of carbon dioxide and other gasses.It is a mixture of gases encircling the Earth and held by the Earth’s gravity. This invisible mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor protects the planet from harmful radiation and makes life on it. (Atienza et al., 2012)