Cellular Respiration: Key Performance Project

The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid, TCA, cycle, a series of chemical reactions that generates energy from the oxidation of acetate into chemical energy and carbon dioxide in the form of ATP. It also provides NADH, which is a reducing agent that is very common in biochemical reactions. This cycle is constantly supplied with new carbon. This comes in from acetyl-CoA, which starts the entire process of the citric acid cycle. The first step of the citric acid cycle is the aldol condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA and water with the enzyme citrate synthase in order to form citrate and CoA-SH. The next step is the dehydration of citrate with the enzyme aconitase in order to form cis-aconitate and water. Then comes the hydration of cis-Aconitate and water with the enzyme aconitase in order to form isocitrate. The next is the oxidation of isocitrate and NAD+ with the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase in order to form oxalosuccinate and NADH and H+. Then, there is the decarboxylation of oxalosuccinate with the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase in order to form alpha-ketoglutarate and carbon dioxide. Next, there is the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate and NAD+ and CoA-SH with the enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in order to form succinyl-CoA and NADH and H+ and carbon dioxide. The next step is the substrate-level phosphorylation of succinyl-CoA and GDP and Pi with the enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase in order to form succinate and CoA-SH and GTP. Then, there is the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone with the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in order to form fumarate and ubiquinol. Next, is the hydration of fumarate and water with the enzyme fumarase in order to form L-malate. The final step is the oxidation of L-malate and NAD+ with the enzyme malate dehydrogenase in order to form oxaloacetate and NADH and H+. Two cycles are required for every single glucose molecule because two acetyl Co-A molecules

Aerobic respiration happens only when oxygen is presented in the cell. Aerobic respiration starts with pyruvate crossing into the mitochondria. When it passes through, a Coenzyme A will attach to it producing Acetyl CoA, CO2, and NADH. Acetyl CoA will enter into the Krebs cycle. In the Krebs cycle Acetyl CoA will bound with Oxaloacetic Acid (OAA), a four carbon molecule, producing the six carbon molecule, Citric Acid. Citric Acid will reorganize into Isocitrate. This will lose a CO2 and make a NADH turning itself into alpha ketoglutarate, a five carbon molecule. Alpha ketoglutarate will turn into an unstable four carbon molecule, which attaches to CoA making succinyl CoA. During that process a CO2 and NADH is made. An ATP is made when CoA leaves and creates Succinate. This molecule is turned into Fumarate, creating two FADH2 in the process. Then Fumarate is turned into Malate then into OAA making two NADH. Only two ATP is produced in Krebs cycle but the resulting NADHs and FADH2s are passed through an electron transport chain and ATP synthase. When the molecules passes through that cycle a total of 28 ATP molecules are produced. In all aerobic respiration produces 32 ATP and waste products of H2O and

To be able to carry on metabolic processes in the cell, cells need energy. The cells can obtain their energy in different ways but the most efficient way of harvesting stored food in the cell is through cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway, which breaks down large molecules to smaller molecules, produces an energy rich molecule known as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) and a waste product that is released as CO2.

In contrast, there are four metabolic stages happened in cellular respiration, which are the glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, in which catabolism is begun by breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. Two molecules of ATP are produced too. Some of they either enter the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) or the electron transport chain, or go into lactic acid cycle if there is not enough oxygen, which produces lactic acid. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, which completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate into carbon dioxide. The citric acid cycle produced some more ATPs and other molecules called NADPH and FADPH. After this, electrons are passed to the electron transport chain through

What is cell respiration? Well cell respiration refers to the procedure where the chemical energy of organic molecules is changed into a type that can be used by organisms. It derives energy from what we eat or from our fuel, more specifically from glucose. Meaning that cell respiration consumes oxygen and organic molecules such as glucose. Therefore glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

This process does not require oxygen and is referred to as fermentation. This process partially breaks down carbohydrates and it obtains a small amount of energy, again in the form of ATP. Pyruvic acid has to be broken down in respiration when formed by breaking down of glucose molecules, this can't be done in the same way as in aerobic respiration. When anaerobic respiration is taking place carbon dioxide and ethanol is formed.

Introduction: All organisms need energy to sustain life. Cells use a process called cellular respiration to acquire the energy that is needed to survive. Cellular respiration is a process in which organisms use oxygen to break down glucose molecules (sugar molecules) found in food to store it as energy molecules of ATP. This can also be considered as a suitcase within the cell body that allows the cell easy access whenever it needs a boost. Cellular respiration is critical for the cells to survive because the ATP that is converted from glucose is virtually used in all the cells activities such as growth, repair, and other tasks.

    Cellular respiration is the group metabolic reactions that happen in the cell of living organism that creates adenosine triphosphate, ATP, from biochemical energy. The formula for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 +6O26CO2+6H2O+ATP.  This formula means glucose and oxygen are turned into water,carbon dioxide and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy through chemical reactions. Cellular respiration occurs in all cells which allows them to grow. Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. Sativus seed, also known as radish seed, undergo cellular respiration because they are not yet able to perform photosynthesis, which is how plants create their energy. Hymenoptera formicidae,commonly known as ants, undergo cellular respiration to produce the energy they need to live.

The glucose carbon (6c) will break into two pyruvates (3C each), then one carbon will be lost in the link reaction that releases a CO2 molecule and adds a CoA the 2 carbon molecule forming Acetyl CoA. The Acetyl CoA molecule enters the kreb Cycle. It first gets associated with oxaloacetate (4C) that releases the CoA. Two CO2 molecules are released after the reduction of 2 NAD+ to 2 NADH. Which leaves us with a new Oxaloacetate molecule that will enter the Kreb cycle again.

Show where CO2, ATP, NADH2 and FADH are produced in the cycle below by arrows coming off the cycle or find a simplified picture to copy and paste just be sure to paste the web site address next to it.

The first stage is glycolysis, the second stage is the linking reaction, the third stage is the Krebs cycle, and the final stage is electron transport. During the glycolysis stage glucose is disintegrated, this happens in the cytoplasm of the cell. Once the glucose is broken down two identical compounds are created. Two electrons and a hydrogen ion are removed then attached to adenine forming NADH. Water is then formed using an oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. In this stage two ATP molecules are added. The linking reaction occurs in the mitochondria of the cell. NAD+ and pyruvate come together to form NADH and an acetyl enzyme. The Krebs cycle involves removing hydrogen atoms from the acetyl coenzyme in order to form four molecules of ATP. Carbon then combines with oxygen, creating carbon dioxide. Electrons are unconstrained and move towards the electron transport chain because of NADH. These electrons go through the electron chain until it finds an oxygen atom, where water is formed then released. ATP molecules are created because of the energy released by the electron. In this stage 32 molecules of ATP are

Cellular respiration is a very important process that provides the human body with energy. How does cellular respiration provide the human body with energy? Cellular respiration is the process of energy rich molecules such as glucose being broken down to carbon dioxide, water and ATP. The process of cellular respiration is an aerobic process meaning it requires oxygen. Aerobic cellular respiration is very efficient.

The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions which occur in the mitochondria and results in the formation of ATP and other molecules which undergo farther reactions to form more ATP. Cellular respiration can be divided into four sequences. The first sequence is glycolysis, its breaks down one molecule glucose into two molecules pyruyate. Transition takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and it’s referred to the beginning of aerobic respiration. The process takes place if there is enough amounts of oxygen in the mitochondria. However if there is insufficient oxygen in the mitochondria it could result into fermentation. Transition Reactions take place in the pyruvate molecule. In transition reactions two hydrogen electrons and one carbon

Glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle, however, this stage does require oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria. During the Krebs cycle, pyuvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. This begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondria. As the cycle continues, citric acid is broken down into a 4-carbon molecule and more carbon dioxide is released. Then, high-energy electrons are passed to electron carriers and taken to the electron transport chain. All this produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 4 CO2 molecules.

Cellular respiration is vital for life. Without the process of cellular respiration our cells would not have the energy needed to survive. One of the end products of cellular respiration is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and it is the form of energy vital for life. All cells, animal and plant, need ATP to survive. ATP is used during the process of repairing, maintaining, and reproducing our cells. Glucose is starting produced for the process of cellular respiration and is it is critical for our bodies to regulate the amount of glucose it holds. If too much glucose is absorbed at one time it can have very adverse effects to our body as a whole. At the other end of the spectrum, too little glucose in our blood stream could also be harmful to our