Cellular Respiration Lab Report

A). The anaerobic metabolism of glucose to pyruvate is called glycolysis. This sequence of reactions will generate two molecules of pyruvate for every one molecule of glucose. This metabolism is anaerobic, which means that it does not require oxygen to be completed. The first phase of the process of glycolysis is called the preparatory phase. The entire process of glycolysis is started once glucose is trapped inside

In cellular respiration, the oxidation of glucose is carried out in a controlled series of reactions. At each step or reaction in the sequence, a small amount of the total energy is released. Some of this energy is lost as heat. The rest is converted to other forms that can be used by the cell to drive or fuel coupled endergonic reactions or to make ATP.

In contrast, there are four metabolic stages happened in cellular respiration, which are the glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, in which catabolism is begun by breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. Two molecules of ATP are produced too. Some of they either enter the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) or the electron transport chain, or go into lactic acid cycle if there is not enough oxygen, which produces lactic acid. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, which completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate into carbon dioxide. The citric acid cycle produced some more ATPs and other molecules called NADPH and FADPH. After this, electrons are passed to the electron transport chain through

Cellular respiration is the series of metabolic process by which living cells produce energy through the oxidation of organic substances. Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. Fermentation is the process by which complex organic compounds such as glucose, are broken down by the action of enzymes into simpler compounds without the use of oxygen. The significance of these pathways for organisms is to allow for an organism to be able to generate ATP. Some organism that undergo cellular respiration are bacteria and fungi. Some organism that undergo fermentation are yeast and muscle cells. In cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized and releases energy. In cellular respiration, glucose produces ATP and 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate. The pyruvate is then further broken down in the mitochondria where it becomes oxidized and releases CO2 (Upadhyaya 2014). In the fermentation process oxygen does not play a part. This process converts glucose into pyruvate and produces ATP. From there pyruvate breaks down into CO2 and acetaldehyde (Upadhyaya 2014) Monosaccharides are known as simple sugars and their main function is being the source of energy for organisms. Disaccharides are two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond and their primary function is to provide food to monosaccharides. Some disaccharides

Uniquely, glycolysis is both anaerobic and aerobic. The end product pyruvate, from glycolysis, is anabolized to lactic acid when there is a need for energy without an adequate supply of oxygen available. This last step or reaction enables glycolysis to continue producing ATP without the need for oxygen, which is why it is called the anaerobic energy system (Fink, 2009).

This process does not require oxygen and is referred to as fermentation. This process partially breaks down carbohydrates and it obtains a small amount of energy, again in the form of ATP. Pyruvic acid has to be broken down in respiration when formed by breaking down of glucose molecules, this can't be done in the same way as in aerobic respiration. When anaerobic respiration is taking place carbon dioxide and ethanol is formed.

In step five, the unstable COA, of the succinyl COA is replaced with two phosphate groups which are then transferred to two separate adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in order to form two adenosine triphosphate (ATPs). The transfer of the phosphates between the unstable molecule of succinyl COA and the ADP creates energy that “charges” two ADP forming two ATPs. The remaining four-carbon molecule is called a succinate. The energy produced in this step is the sum total of all the energy produced during the krebs cycle.

Cellular respiration is a metabolic process undergone by all living organisms in order to release adequate amounts of energy essential to life. This series of coupled reaction occurs through breaking down glucose, or other food molecules in the presence of oxygen, releasing the energy contained within the chemical bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Every step in cellular respiration occurs with the use of enzymes. The simplified equation shown above demonstrates one glucose molecule, in the presence of oxygen produces water, carbon dioxide gas, simultaneously yielding a net of 38 ATP molecules. However, this equation exhibits the three stages of respiration; glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

All living organisms require a source of energy for survival and optimum biological function, this source of energy is manifested in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration is the separation of natural compounds which discharges pent up energy, leading to the formation of ATP (Upadhyaya, 2017). This ATP is then applied to various functions around the cell by the use of the anaerobic process of glycolysis which produces 2 ATP (Upadhyaya, 2017). The generation of more ATP, as many cells need, requires an aerobic process in the mitochondria of the cell, following the production of 2 more ATP molecules from the Krebs cycle, which results in a yield of 34 ATP per every glucose molecule dissembled (Upadhyaya, 2017). The cells who are satisfied with the ATP

The first stage of cellular respiration begins with the glycolysis, meaning the breakage of a molecule of glucose (sugar) into two molecules of pyruvic acid (Simon, 2016). The beginning of this stages starts with a six carbon of sugar molecule that uses invested energy from ATP molecules, which separates the sugar molecules into two groups of three sugar molecules. After the separation, each sugar carbon molecule starts to transfer electrons boost with energy to the NADH. The NADH is responsible for transferring the electrons alongside hydrogen from one area of the cell to the next through the electron chain (Simon, 2016). In the glycolysis stage, ATP molecules are multiplied into four molecules in order to have two ATP molecules for each carbon of sugar. Once broken down once more, the remaining molecules in the glycolysis are a set of pyruvic acid molecules. The pyruvic molecules are responsible for holding a fraction of sugar and energy that is carried throughout the

While the process of cellular respiration is similar in both the obligate aerobe and the facultative anaerobe. They fate of the pyruvate differentiates with the two. With cellular respiration all types of catabolic reactions take place to eventually produce ATP. There are four stages of Aerobic respiration, they include glycolysis, transition reaction, Krebs cycle and the electron transport system. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as its final receptor to make ATP, it uses oxidative phosphorylation and some ATP with substrate-level phosphorylation, ultimately ending with making 1 NADH which is equal to 3 molecules of ATP and 1 FADH2 which is equal to 2 molecules of ATP. Aerobic Respiration =C6 H12 O6+6O2+6HCO2+38ATP. Facultative anaerobe

The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions which occur in the mitochondria and results in the formation of ATP and other molecules which undergo farther reactions to form more ATP. Cellular respiration can be divided into four sequences. The first sequence is glycolysis, its breaks down one molecule glucose into two molecules pyruyate. Transition takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and it’s referred to the beginning of aerobic respiration. The process takes place if there is enough amounts of oxygen in the mitochondria. However if there is insufficient oxygen in the mitochondria it could result into fermentation. Transition Reactions take place in the pyruvate molecule. In transition reactions two hydrogen electrons and one carbon

The overall process of glycolysis is so fast that cells can produce thousands of ATP molecules in just a few milliseconds.

pyruvate (3 carbon sugar), 2 NADH and 4 ATP (2 net) per molecule of glucose. During

The first part of the breakdown of glucose is known as Glycolysis, in which one molecule of glucose is broken down to two molecules of pyruvate (C3H4O3). The second part is the fermentation process in which the two pyruvate molecules are converted to two molecules of ethanol and two molecules of carbon dioxide.