Cellular Respiration Research Paper

In contrast, there are four metabolic stages happened in cellular respiration, which are the glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, in which catabolism is begun by breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. Two molecules of ATP are produced too. Some of they either enter the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) or the electron transport chain, or go into lactic acid cycle if there is not enough oxygen, which produces lactic acid. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, which completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate into carbon dioxide. The citric acid cycle produced some more ATPs and other molecules called NADPH and FADPH. After this, electrons are passed to the electron transport chain through

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells get their energy in the form of ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration is more efficient and can be used in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration, or cell respiration using oxygen, uses the end product of glycolysis in the TCA cycle to produce more energy currency in the form of ATP than can be obtained from an anaerobic pathway.

In cellular respiration, the oxidation of glucose is carried out in a controlled series of reactions. At each step or reaction in the sequence, a small amount of the total energy is released. Some of this energy is lost as heat. The rest is converted to other forms that can be used by the cell to drive or fuel coupled endergonic reactions or to make ATP.

There are distinct differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Different organisms perform these respirations. Each respiration produces a different energy yield and end products. But both starts with glucose being broken down, through glycolysis, into a three carbon molecule called pyruvate, the process will go down different path depending on the presence of oxygen.

Cellular respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis is a

The first part of cellular respiration is glycolysis where energy is spent to break a glucose molecule down into two pyruvate molecules. A glucose molecule comes from your food and has 6 carbons on it. Glycolysis partially breaks

All cells in the human body require sufficient amount of energy in order to sustain life. Cells get their energy through a process called cellular respiration. In this process cells use glucose in the presence of oxygen as a fuel source to synthesize highly energetic molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is immediately consumed after its formation, so the process of cellular respiration is constantly ongoing. The starting components, glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water and energy. The process of cellular respiration can be divided into three stages: glycolysis, Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain. At the end of the process a total of 38 ATP molecules are produced. In this experiment,

Cellular respiration is going on in every cell in plants. It is interesting to know there is several of factors that affects cell respiration in plants for example ph. levels, temperature, oxygen, sugars. Germinating seeds carry out cellular respiration processes in much the same way as plant and animal cells do (Jeanty). Plant seeds respiration requires enough to maintain food or nutrients. The experiment that was done is testing the rates cellular respiration of germinating lentils that were soaked in different liquids which are water, juice, cola, Gatorade and milk. The hypothesis one is the highest rate of respiration is going to be the germinating lentils in water. The second highest rate of respiration is juice. The third is Gatorade. The fourth highest is milk. The lowest rate of respiration is going to be with the germinating lentils in cola.

First glucose is broken down in the process called glycolysis, then the pyruvate molecules are moved to the mitochondria, when this is happening the pyruvate molecules are converted into 2-carbon molecules these molecules then enter the Kreb Cycle. Moving on the energy created will now enter the electron transport chain, this energy will then produce ATP. The reactants are glucose and oxygen and the products are ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. During the Cellular Respiration glucose is being oxidized, along with carbon. On the other hand Oxygen, NAD+ and FADH are being reduced in Cellular Respiration.

The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis (does not involve oxygen), which takes place in the cytoplasm of the mitochondria and it breaks glucose down

Glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle, however, this stage does require oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria. During the Krebs cycle, pyuvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. This begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondria. As the cycle continues, citric acid is broken down into a 4-carbon molecule and more carbon dioxide is released. Then, high-energy electrons are passed to electron carriers and taken to the electron transport chain. All this produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 4 CO2 molecules.

The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions which occur in the mitochondria and results in the formation of ATP and other molecules which undergo farther reactions to form more ATP. Cellular respiration can be divided into four sequences. The first sequence is glycolysis, its breaks down one molecule glucose into two molecules pyruyate. Transition takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and it’s referred to the beginning of aerobic respiration. The process takes place if there is enough amounts of oxygen in the mitochondria. However if there is insufficient oxygen in the mitochondria it could result into fermentation. Transition Reactions take place in the pyruvate molecule. In transition reactions two hydrogen electrons and one carbon

The area between these two membranes is called the intermembrane space, a reservoir for hydrogen ions used for synthesizing ATP from ADP. ATP is generated at the inner membrane of the mitochondria by an efficient mechanism known as oxidative phosphorylation, involving several membrane protein complexes. Nutrients provide high-energy electrons in the form NADH, which are used by the protein complexes to pump protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

Cellular respiration is a procedure that most living life forms experience to make and get chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The energy is synthesized in three separate phases of cellular respiration: glycolysis, citrus extract cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are both anaerobic pathways because they do not bother with oxygen to form energy. The electron transport chain however, is aerobic due to its use of oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is the procedure in which ATP particles are created with the help of oxygen atoms (Campbell, 2009, p. 93). During which, organic food molecules are oxidized to synthesize ATP used to drive the metabolic reactions necessary to maintain the organism’s physical integrity and to support all its activities (Campbell, 2009, pp. 102-103).

In the metabolic reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions are very essential for ATP synthesis. The electrons removed in the oxidation are transferred to two major electron carrier enzymes. The electrons are transported through protein complexes in present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complexes contain attached chemical groups which are capable of accepting or donating one or more electrons. The protein complexes are known as the electron transfer system (ETS). The ETS allow distribution of the free energy between reduced coenzymes and the O2. The ETS is associated with proton (H+) pumping from the mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space of the mitochondria.