Cellular Transport

Explain the effect that increasing the Na+ Cl- concentration has on osmotic pressure and why it has this effect. How well did the results compare with your prediction?

Osmosis is described in one of three ways when comparing more than one solution. The cell’s external and internal environment helps determine tonicity, which is defined as how the cell reacts to its environment. When the cell’s environment is equal in osmolarity to itself and there is no change, it is considered an isotonic solution. When the environment has a higher osmolarity, shrinkage occurs and it is considered a hypertonic solution. When the environment has a lower osmolarity, swellings occurs and it is considered hypotonic.

The purpose of these experiments is to examine the driving force behind the movement of substances across a selective or semiperpeable plasma membrane. Experiment simulations examine substances that move passively through a semipermeable membrane, and those that require active transport. Those that move passively through the membrane will do so in these simulations by facilitated diffusion and filtration. The plasma membrane’s structure is composed in such a way that it can discriminate as to which substances can pass into the cell. This enables nutrients to enter the cell, while keeping unwanted substances out. Active

Membranes can allow or exclude various molecules, and because of selective transport systems (active mediated transport), they can move molecules in and out of the space. Membrane channels, or “gates,” can open and close depending on the circumstances of the first messenger. Binding of an extracellular messenger to a dual receptor/channel brings about a quick

A major determinant of diffusion in a biological system is membrane permeability. Small, uncharged molecules pass through cellular membranes easily, while most and/or charged molecules cannot pass through the membrane. The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, like the plasma membrane

The concentration of dissolved substances is less in the extracellular fluid than in the cytoplasm. Hypotonic Solution Concentration of dissolved substances (solute) Concentration of water (solvent) What happens to an animal cells? Inside the cell Greater Less Outside the cell Less Greater Membrane

This moves water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. If a cell is placed in a solution that has a low sucrose concentration, the cell would lose water because the concentration is greater inside than it is outside. This is an example of hypertonic. On the other hand, if a cell is placed in an area of high concentration the cell would gain water because the concentration is greater inside that it is outside. This is an example of hypotonic.

There are two main types of membrane transport proteins: firstly, there are channel proteins, which are essentially pores that extend across the membrane. These pores create a hydrophilic passage for molecules through he hydrophobic bilayer. The rate of movement through these pores is significantly faster

The diffusion across a cell membrane is a process of passive and spontaneous net movement of small lipophilic molecules. The molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentrated region along the concentration gradient. The result being a point of equilibrium, this is where a random molecular motion continues but there is no longer any net movement. However, there are things that can affect the rate of diffusion, these being temperature, surface area, concentration, size of the molecule, permeability, diffusion distance and concentration difference. Osmosis is a type of diffusion as it is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration. Equilibrium is reached when the solute concentration is equal on both sides. Water potential is measured in kiloPascals, it is the measuring of the concentration of free water molecules that are able to diffuse compared to pure water, which is 0 kilopascals. It is a measure of the tendency of free water molecules to diffuse from one place to another. The result being, the more free water molecules, the higher the Water Potential. However, Water potential is affected by two factors: pressure and the amount of solute.

All cells contain membranes that are selectively permeable, allowing certain things to pass into and leave out of the cell. The process in which molecules of a substance move from an area of high concentration to areas of low concentration is called Diffusion. Whereas Osmosis is the process in which water crosses membranes from regions of high water concentration to areas with low water concentration. While molecules in diffusion move down a concentration gradient, molecules during osmosis both move down a concentration gradient as well as across it. Both diffusion, and osmosis are types of passive transport, which do not require help.

Tonicity is the capacity of a nearby solution that causes a cell to gain or lose water; it relies on the concentration of the solute that cannot pass through the membrane (Reece et al., 2014).A hypertonic solution is when the solution has a higher concentration then the solute which causes the water to move away from the cell which results in a shriveled cell. A hypotonic solution is when the solute has a higher concentration than the solution which causes the cell to expand and swell (Mao, 2008). Nevertheless an isotonic solution is when the concentration of the solute and solution are equal. The category of the cell relies on the effect of osmosis on the cell. The hypotonic solution will take-up water if an animal cell is placed in the solution, which will cause it to swell, gets larger and eventually lyse. For the Animal cells, leaning to die proceeded by failing in keeping water and shrinking are the findings in the process of a hypertonic solution. Nonetheless, when a plant cell is placed in

In osmosis, the flow of the water from or to a cell depends on whether the cell is immersed in a solution that is isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic to the solution. If the cell is isotonic to a solution, this means that the solute concentration of a cell and its environment is the same and therefore there will be no movement of water. If the solute concentration is lower than that of the cell, then water will flow into the cell, causing it to expand. If the solute concentration is lower than that of the cell then water will flow out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

First you must define what diffusion is, diffusion is when molecules in a solute spread from high concentrated areas into lower concentrated areas, without outside forces acting upon it. Diffusion is affected by molecular kinetic energy, diffusion can also occur in all three states of matter. Now you must define osmosis, osmosis is similar to diffusion but is when water molecules pass through a semi permeable from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution. In cells osmosis is not only affected by the concentration of the solute but also by the resistance of the water movement. The words hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic are used to describe the different concentrations in these membranes. .A hypertonic solution has

In animal cells, the movement of water into and out of the cell is influenced by the relative concentration of solute

Osmosis is when water passes through a cell membrane, it is also form of a diffusion, which is a form of passive transport. Osmosis will continue to until an equilibrium is reached which is when the solutions are isotonic. This means that the solution has the same amount of solute on both sides. If the solution is hypertonic, it has more solute in the solution. In this situation water will move towards it. if the solution is hypotonic, it has less solute in the solution. Whereas in this situation, water will move out of the solution.