Cellular Wireless With Unlimited Numbers Of Base Station Antennas

This is the ability for one transmitter to use multiple antennas to simultaneously send multiple

Picture being inside of a lovely building. The walls glisten as the light reflects off bouncing and giving indebtedness to the still air that holds stiff. People can be heard talking down the hall in a distance. Soon, the mind wonders to pessimistic scenarios where safety is the number one priority. A fire, a flood, the walls collapsing in on a single soul. Medical teams have to respond and silence falls down all around.

One of the most important contributions to communication is the invention of radio communication. It has provided a platform for wireless cellular communication. According to an article, it was first believed that ‘The wireless telephone will also cover the seas, lakes and waterways, supplementing the wireless telegraph over short distances’ (Burt, 1908, para. 3). If only he knew that wireless telegraph will become a thing of the past. The first effective radio communication system was developed by Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, and scientist (Guglielmo Marconi Biography, n.d.). Marconi never had any formal scientific education (Bababian, 1992), but ‘has been the recipient of honorary doctorates of several universities’ (Guglielmo Marconi - Biographical, 2013, para. 8). He began experimenting with electromagnetic waves in 1894 when he was twenty years old. However, ‘Nikola Tesla is now credited with being the first person to patent radio technology; the Supreme Court overturned Marconi's patent in 1943 in favour of Tesla. (Bellis, n.d., para. 6) ’.

In[2],The best way for increasing the system capacity of a wireless link by getting the receiver and transmitter closer with each other, this creates the dual benefits of higher quality and more spatial reuse.This inevitably involves deploying more infrastructure in a network with nomadic users, typically in the form of microcells, hotspots, distributed antennas, or relays . A less expensive alternative is concept called femtocells ,which are data access points installed by the users to get better indoor voice and data coverage.We describe the state-of-the-art on each front.The technical challenges

Abstract—In the recent times, researches show that all wireless networks are not energy–efficient than what we expect to be, especially the base stations through which the terminal access takes place. In order to overcome and solve this problem Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence (VCE) has performed a project named Green Project in the year 2009 and the main aim of this project is to overcome all the problems and to develop a process which is going to save energy in future wireless systems. This paper deals with the technical parts of the project and details several other current energy consumption models in the base station devices. This article also provides some good ideas in reduction of the energy consumption for the future radio base stations which helps to reduce the burden on the network providers.

802.11ac only works in the 5GHz band, which means that any equipment want to work in 802.11ac must support 5GHz frequency band. Furthermore, 802.11ac’s chipset also supports 2.4GHz band, to supports 802.11a/b/g/n WLAN and other previous standard, to provide backward compatibility.

Future mobile applications demand novel wireless communication technologies due to new challenges as- sociated with the shortage of spectrums, low-power radio architectures, and communication security. For example, though mmWave can fulfill some of the spectrum demands, it can still struggle to meet the growing demands for higher data connectivity over a myriad of devices, e.g., Internet of Things (IoT) []. Therefore, more bands in the electromagnetic domains will be needed. Besides, in current and future wearable devices, battery lifetime is the critical design constraint that limits the sensor performance and data throughput []. In addition, security in wireless communication is another significant challenge since future mobile devices

MIMO techniques are mostly used to accelerate system throughput over disruptive wireless communication channels. It is well known fact that with the number of transmit antenna M and number of receive antenna N, the capacity of MIMO systems increases linearly with a factor of MN. The receiver decodes the received signal vectors into actual information, a narrow band flat fading MIMO is designed as:

In recent years, wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system using antenna arrays are fetching attention owing to their significantly higher system capacity [1],[2]. Cooperative communication is now a concerning topic of

Through the equipment co-simulation transform, the VHDL coding of the framework is proficient. The created VHDL codes are transported in into the ISE apparatus to make further framework check at the RTL level. Outline blend is performed with Xilinx 's XST and the entryway level netlist is gotten. After that, place and steering are performed. The steering deferrals are back commented to the entryway level netlist for timing examination and configuration advancement. At long last, a bitstream is created to program the objective FPGA board.

In this project, Based on uniquely factorable constellation pair (UFCP) and space-time block code (STBC), a novel distributed concatenated Alamouti code is devised for a one-way relaying network consisting of two end nodes with each having a single antenna and one relay node equipped with two antennas. Allowing the terminal nodes and the relay node to transmit their own information concurrently at the bit level, and turns the equivalent channel between the two end nodes into a product of two Alamouti channels. thus, called UFCP concatenated Alamouti space-time

Wi-Fi Internet access is fast gaining popularity as we are entering the 'unplugged ' phase of communication technology. This journey towards an unplugged world began with the first telegraph and first radio. Since then, telecommunication technology has not looked back and has shown its versatility by contributing to every field of technology. Wi-Fi has developed from synergy of wireless communication, computer networking and Internet technology. It has radically changed the way we connect and communicate.Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Wi-Fi works on three modes namely Ad hoc, Infrastructure and Extended modes.Ad hoc network is P2P mode. Ad hoc does not use any intermediary device such as Access Point. Infrastructure and Extended modes use Access Point as interface between wireless clients.To create wireless networks with a range of about one hundred meters,802.11 technologyWith proper planning and selection antennas, same equipment can be used to make point-to-multipoint links and point-to-point links of several hundred meters.In this projectto enhance the coverage area of an access point to several hundred

The robust bandwidth of 802.16 technology makes it an excellent choice for backhaul for the commercial enterprises, such as those providing ‘hotspots’,as well as for point –to-point backhaul applications.

For the downlink MIMO system configurations with two or four antennas has being considered. In 2x2 configurations there is baseline configuration with two antennas at the transmitter and two antennas at the receiver. There are different modes has been predicted for MIMO antenna system such as spatial multiplexing and transmit diversity and channel automatically select any scheme of choice.

A microstrip antenna consists of conducting patch and a ground plane separated by dielectric substrate. The early work of Munson on microstrip antennas for use as a low profile flush mounted antennas on rockets and missiles showed that this was a practical concept for use in many antenna system problems. Different mathematical models were developed for this antenna and its applications were extended to many other fields. The number of articles published in the journal papers for the last ten years. The microstrip antennas are the first antenna designer’s choice. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for maximum radiation. The conducting patch can have many shape but rectangular and circular configurations are the most commonly used configuration. A microstrip antenna is characterized by its length parameter, width parameter, input impedance, and gain and radiation patterns. Various performance parameters, mathematical calculation and Microstrip feeding technique will be discussed further through this chapter.