Central Challenges Of Community Development Theory And Practice

This process is accomplished by “historically situated “projects” in which human bodies and social structures are represented and organized” (p. 56). The term “projects,” refers to a representation of race that situates it in social structure. A racial project can take the form of common sense assumptions about whether or not race is significant in today’s society. Omi and Winant see the process of racial formation as directly and deeply connected to how “society is organized and ruled” (p.56). In this sense, race and the process of racial formation have important political and economic implications.

Group B – saw the adult behaving aggressively towards the doll and then rewarded by sweets from another adult.

In our era today, as you proceed through life, there is discrimination against races. As much as we would like to witness things change for the better we won’t due to some people not taking the chance to rewire their hatred. But in the early 1900’s, some black middle-class families immigrated to Harlem, New York, which at the time was an upper-class white neighborhood. The White’s tried to kick the African Americans out, but ultimately failed. In 1910-1930 African Americans in Harlem have changed what the city was like back then, now it is known for its African American culture. They also created a period called the Harlem Renaissance that is considered a golden age in African American culture. This was a time when they had an artistic explosion,

Imagine living in a town that was once thriving with successful businesses to a community that barely exist. As you travel down the deserted roads of your community you are surrounded by boarded up memorable buildings, deteriorating homes, and empty storefronts. The water tower that stands tall for all to see is now covered by rust. While the streets in which you are traveling on show signs of frequent patchwork in an effort to salvage the road. As you pass by what once was your favorite mom and pop’s restaurant you began to reminisce on the time you spent there with loved ones. This has become the story of residents in Boley, Oklahoma; one of the first all black towns in the state.

The small city of Brownsville is small in both population and mind. Even though there are individuals who commute morning and night from country to country, there is no unity. Growing up, I had never experienced a “diverse” city. In the city of Brownsville, Hispanics are the majority. As a result, individuals who saw somebody of a different race or ethnicity would make negative and offensive comments towards them. At times, these offensive comments were accidental. Other times, the offensive comments were on purpose and intended to appear humorous to friends. Apart from discriminatory remarks to outsiders, this happened amongst people of my Hispanic community.

Racial formations exist to create a divide among society. In “The New Jim Crows” the author foments, “racial caste systems do not require racial hostility or overt bigotry to thrive. They need only racial indifference, as Martin Luther King Jr. warned more than forty-five years ago.” (Alexander). America utilizes a racial caste system of institutionalized racism

Racial Segregation in Kansas City was one key aspect even among other major American Cities. In the 1880 census, it doesn’t show any evidence of residential segregation but instead shows Blacks living in small residentials that were diverse clusters with other minorities, including whites. When African-Americans were moving into Kansas City in the nineteenth-century, they had specific geographical boundaries with minorities such as Hispanics. Whites had their own geographical boundaries. “Thus, people did not perceive a connection between black ‘culture’ and a particular ‘place’ occupied exclusively by Blacks”(Gotham 2002). Discrimination existed through mandated school, medical segregation and through hiring practices(Garcia 1996 &,Gotham 2002).

Many cultures have had “dark” pasts and histories. Some have had terrible wars, while others have had mass killings. Other cultures have had problems with discrimination towards diverse or dissimilar cultures and races. There are many reasons for this discrimination, but in the majority of cases, the most common reason is simply because of a difference between them. These differences can vary from physical appearances to cultural, traditional, or religious beliefs. Differences can lead to a culture’s social status of privilege for one race or group over another. One culture, or country, where this was apparent, was in the United States, specifically in the South. Slavery can be seen as one of the United State’s negative times in history.

Another aspect that greatly affected the racial spatial pattern that can be seen today, is the uprooting of the Freedman’s Town and other black communities in North Dallas by constructing the governmentally funded, Houston & Texas Central (H&TC) railways, Roseland Town Homes, and the Central Expressway (Marsha & Robert, 2005). The historic Freedman’s Town community in the southern part of North Dallas was created in 1869, by newly freed slaves (Velin, 2010). Still out casted and ostracized, freed slaves in response created this community in an effort to have their own institutions and infrastructures. The rapid development of freedman’s Town created a region, merging with other of black communities (Marsha & Robert, 2005, p. 179). By 1872,

This report will identify the different areas which make up health and how funding is a key element to improve health in the community. This report will also provide an evaluation on the contributing factors by which ill health can be developed. There are a number of element that contribute to the definition of Health these include physical, social and emotional health. Physical health can be defined as a state of well-being when all internal and external body parts, organs, tissues and cells are functioning efficiently.

There have been many articles published about the transformation of cities in regards to industrial improvements, communities blooming with mass migrations, and standards of living. A number of different cultures have migrated to rural and urban populations and among those mass migrations there were African Americans. Although immigrants went through hardships such as harsh living conditions and low status, they didn’t have to go through as much trouble as African Americans did. African Americans who moved into the city were not on top of the priority list to most. They were not given the time of day to their needs. Race affected these urban dwellers because of discrimination, living conditions, and inequality.

As I reflect over my life, I appreciate the many diverse experiences I’ve came to encounter. My experience with diversity dates back to birth. I am from a small rural town, Moss Point, MS. and notably the last state to abolish slavery. The town currently has a population of 13,704 people and consists of 73% Blacks or African Americans, 23% Caucasian, 1% Hispanic or Latino and 1% bi-racial.

The dominant groups can play a role in marginalizing other groups based on racial and characteristics involving privilege tends to open doors of opportunity, but oppression tends to slam them shut. The dominant groups has played a role of marginalization to other groups based on racial characters that involve oppression and have emphasized pervasive nature of social inequality woven throughout social institutions. The dominant groups reap advantage and benefit from access to social power and privilege, not equally available to people of color. They receive more money and accumulate more assets than other racial groups, hold the majority of positions of power and influence, and command the controlling institutions in society. The dominant groups restrict the life expectancy, infant mortality, income, housing, employment, and educational opportunities of people of color for economic, social or political power (Adams et al., 2013).

Community is established locally but community development is a process that includes actors from inside and outside of the community to achieve sustainability. My previous essays have addressed the progression of community development from place-based attachment, organizing and advocacy to addressing the need and effect of government involvement. The final stop on the continuum of the community development is to analyze market-based approaches to community development. This paper will look at how a market based approach to community development is an important component of community development because it is the appropriate response to the current socio-economic, and political context that our country is in. A market-based approach provides a mechanism to define relationships and allocate economic resources to create systemic change within communities. increasing opportunities for social inclusion and economic sustainability

The Department of Homeland Security released the 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review on June 18, 2014 as required by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and its amendments. This review outlined the current state of preparedness, as well as the future areas of concentration. It also determined six strategic challenges facing the nation: terrorist threat; growing cyber threats; biological concerns as a whole; nuclear terrorism; transnational criminal organizations; and natural hazards. The basic building block of emergency management in the U.S. is the local community. Each step begins here. Threat assessments are completed on the local level. Planning, mitigation, and response are all responsibilities of the local community to support the state and Federal practice using the guidance provided by both.