Centralization and Decentralization

The hierarchical organization structure is pyramid-shaped. At the top of the structure is a single person, who has a small number of people reporting directly to them. Each of these people has several people reporting into them and the number of people at each level increases as you move down the structure.

A Hierarchical structure is a term used to organise a business into different categories of employees that contain multiple types of groups, which would be typically in a chain of commands that is usually in a pyramid that contains a large number of employees, so the lower part of the pyramid having the responsibility of a small role, meanwhile the upper part of the pyramid consists of roles that carry a big responsibility. However, there is one rank that is one

An advantage of Tesco PLC being part of a hierarchical structure is having a clear authority in each of the levels. This is an advantage because of the various levels having different levels of responsibilities and authorities. As top of the hierarchical structure as shown in the diagram above is the manager director who is the one to have the most control and authority its where the managers will confide in for guidance. Due to being on the level under the manager director as the manager director for example will have their say over what the managers will do. As the hierarchical structure descends there’s less control and authority. Furthermore, is an advantage because Tesco PLC for example, would be able

A central government and individualism was debated in the writings of Patrick Henry, The Declaration of Independence, and The United States Constitution. Ideas such as unity, protection of rights, and establishing a successful future nation were discussed and the ultimate outcome would come to be a huge determination of how our country would be ran.

Pfizer is the largest American pharmaceutical company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. It competes with Merck and Glaxo, and markets such well-known medications as Celebrex and Viagra. However, the pharmaceutical industry as a whole has undergone changes in recent years with significant consolidation taking place and with increased scrutiny regarding the ways in which drugs are developed, tested and marketed. In addition, recent controversies have erupted regarding Merck's drug Vioxx, and Pfizer has been the target of unwanted publicity regarding its painkiller Celebrex. This research considers the strategic position of Pfizer, including its strengths and weaknesses as well

Opportunities for Pfizer exist in two areas, first being the restructuring into a more lean and competitive organization and second is the penetration into emerging markets such as China and India who are now more able to purchase their products. With sales of approximately $50 billion per year, Pfizer has the opportunity to streamline its operations, cut costs, and add flexibility to the organization. If successful in this, they can better realize their profits and invest that money into future competitive products for the market.

Organizational Hierarchy Structure- Toys R Us was a decentralized organization, which had a leadership type setting from country to country. This type of structure was difficult because all the leaders from different countries were not communicating effectively. The company knew they had to make some changes to the system, if they wanted to be successful. Therefore, after careful consideration, the company decided to move to a more centralized structure. This change was needed to strengthen their business with regards to their compatibility amongst countries and creating a more efficient workplace in the United States and abroad. In the company’s business in Europe, instead of their being different leaders across the continent, there will

Our organisation structure is tall, this is because we have many different levels of employees all reporting upwards to team leaders and then up to operational management. It has a wide chain of command with a narrow span of control. The chain of command refers to the number of levels within our organisation. The span of control is the number of employees who are directly supervised by one person.

By the end of the early Middle Ages, the territories of both England and France had divided into several small kingdoms, each governed by a separate leader. These kingdoms were in states of chaos because they lacked a strong centralized government. By the 12th century, trade began to grow, which led to the creation of towns. The towns' citizens initially paid taxes to the feudal nobles, but with the development of a strong middle class, taxes were paid to the king alone. Without tax income, the nobles' power weakened and the power of the king increased. Thus, a strong centralized government began to form. As the French and English kings' strengthened their power, established strong centralized governments, and diminished the power of the nobles,

Great post this week! I think you mentioned some great points about both centralization and decentralization. You made a great point about the broad range of sentence lengths. I was wondering if you could provide some clarification on your point about how the federal government should be responsible for determining how long sentences should be due to the fact that places with lesser sentences will thus have a higher rate of crime. There are some studies that hold a very different view and claim that longer sentences don’t act as a successful deterrent. Furthermore, many criminals who commit serious offences aren’t capable of reasonably considering the costs and the benefits related to committing that crime. However, I completely

The organizational structure shows the chain of a command in an origination. It shows the administration choices that the management makes for the betterment of the company. Notably, people have different preferences and styles of management. Therefore, their choices vary from one organization to another. Some companies choose a long chain of command while others prefer a shorter chain with departments brought together. Even in the same organization, the options will vary when new management takes over. This paper compares and contrasts the organizational structure of New York Police Department and Walmart Company.

The major problem every company encounters is the structure or hierarchy of the organization. Usually, it is in the form of a pyramid and gets narrower as it rises resulting in the few people on the top of the pyramid gets more advantages in the company. But the lower level employees are not given that importance when it comes to the utilization of the benefits provided by the company.

Structure and hierarchy come from how work and the work processes are coordinated together and relating how tasks and coordination of these tasks is to be obtained. When determining the authority in the structure of an organization, there are two major options, centralized and decentralized. A centralized organizational setup is where the authority to make important decisions is retained by managers at the top of the created hierarchy whereas a decentralized organizational setup is where the authority to make important decisions about organizational resources and to initiate new projects is delegated to managers at all levels in the hierarchy. Each choice is made based upon the main goal/task of the organization and what would better fit the organization. Whether work/the

This project is the final of three reports I will complete as part of the strategic analysis of Pfizer. This report focuses on strategic implementation and includes the following sections. First, the major concepts related to strategy implementation will be defined. Second, those concepts will be applied to the case of Pfizer in order to analyze its corporate governance, organizational structure and strategic leadership. The analysis of Pfizer will be followed by its evaluation to identify the major problem the company is facing and propose a solution. A short conclusion will close the report.

1. Confusion in defining the functions - How many distinct functions should be created, should marketing be a part of sales, should there be separate finance, human resource and accounting teams, etc.