Cephematoma Research Paper

Injuries occurring during birth are denoted to as birth trauma or obstetrical injuries and they are associated with different etiological causes. The important causes of birth trauma are macrosomia, breech presentation, shoulder dystocia, and forceps-assisted deliveries [3]. Traumatizing maneuvers during the deliveries will result in these fractures in the assisted deliveries [4]. The trauma may occur due to use of forces, excessive traction or pulling, unintended pressure on soft organs such as eyes. Trauma to the limb usually occurs when the limb is pulled in cases of obstructed labor or shoulder dystocia (Head out, shoulder stuck). An Indian study on birth trauma revealed that the fractured clavicle was commonest bone fractured

has built up on the baby’s scalp. What is this condition called, and is it serious?

Monitoring the head circumference after a vacuum assisted delivery is a crucial part in detection of subgaleal hemorrhages. While performing newborn assessments and doing the ordered head measuring assessing the infant’s circulation, through capillary refill and pulses, palpating the head for any “bogginess”, and assessing and monitoring any edema along the suture lines of the infant’s skull are also crucial for early detection of SGH (Modanlou, 2010). It is also if there is a suspicion or confusion on if the feeling of the infant’s head is a hemorrhage or some other anomaly, acting fast is key in prevent further damage and working towards treated the SGH. Measuring the head circumference is an effective, nonintrusive and noninvasive way to detect the start, or possibly a prolonged, sugaleal hemorrhage following a vacuum assisted vaginal delivery if the assessment is taking place hourly for at least 8 hours following delivery (Modanlou, 2010).

pregnancy. This serious complication results in a miscarriage and can cause death of the mother.

Her pregnancy was going fine until she reached 18 weeks and an ultrasound revealed a “bubble” on the fetus’s neck. When the doctors first saw it they thought it was a treatable tumor called a teratoma, Lindsay and her husband Matt were hopeful that the fetus could survive. Over the next few weeks the doctors ran further tests and ultrasounds and confirmed that the fetus had a lymphangioma, a rare, noncancerous congenital tumor that can involve the head and neck and can cause fatal swelling and obstruct airways. They learned that it was growing out of her neck and back into the back of her neck, her chest, her mouth, and the orbit of her right eye. Doctors gave Paradiso a grim prognosis and said that the baby wouldn’t survive past 27 weeks, a time when it could be viable for delivery and potential life-saving operations, they had told her that her chances of living were very small. (Goldberg

Hematomas occur as blood begins to pool in the tissues on the outside of blood vessels as a result of a major injury to the head or brain. Depending on the extent of the injury, however, this can cause increasing and substantial to major vessels of the head and/or brain, thereby causing severe and extensive bleeding within the brain itself. Additionally, there are also a number of different types of hematomas, depending on where the hematoma develops. According to the 2016 report issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “different types of hematomas form depending on where the blood collects relative to the meninges. The meninges are the protective membranes surrounding

Premature babies sometimes have apnea. It may happen together with a slow heart rate. Respiratory distress syndrome or RDS is a breathing problem most common in babies born before 34 weeks of pregnancy.” Babies with RDS don’t have a protein called surfactant that keeps small air sacs in the lungs from collapsing. “Intraventricular hemorrhage or IVH is bleeding in the brain. It usually happens near the ventricles in the center of the brain. A ventricles is a space in the brain that’s filled with fluid. Patent ductus ateriosus or PDA is a heart problem that happens in the connection between two major blood vessels near the heart. If the ductus do not close properly after birth, a baby can have breathing problems or heart failure. Heart failure is when enough blood can’t get pumped into the heart causing it to shut down. Necrotizing enter colitis (NEC) is a problem with a baby’s intestines. It causes feeding problems, a swollen belly and diarrhea. It sometimes happens 2 to 3 weeks after a premature bay has been born. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye. ROP can lead to vision loss. Jaundice is when a baby's eyes and skin look yellow. A baby has jaundice when his liver isn't fully developed or isn't working well. Anemia is when a baby doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the rest of the body. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung condition that can develop in premature babies as well as babies who have treatment with a breathing machine. Babies with BPD sometimes develop fluid in the lungs, scarring and lung damage. Premature babies often have trouble fighting off germs because their immune systems are not fully formed. Infections that may affect a premature baby include pneumonia, a lung infection; sepsis, a blood infection; and meningitis, an infection in the fluid around the brain and

Epignathus is a congenital teratoid tumor that protrudes through the mouth. It is rare and often fatal. It originates from the Rathke pouch (pharynx and or bones of the base of the skull) and hard palate. It can occupy the entire oropharyngeal cavity and externalize through the mouth. Depending on the size, Epignathus can cause asphyxia and severe obstructive respiratory insufficiency in the neonate, usually fatal. Prenatal diagnosis can be performed by prenatal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. With this, it is possible to plan the delivery in the best possible way, with a multidisciplinary team to provide specialized care and allow the beginning of the treatment of the neonate still in the delivery room with a view to the survival

On ultrasound there is a live fetus in cephalic presentation. Fetal biometry is consistent with dates. On detailed survey we did note an ONTD that is suspected to be from the lumbar down to the sacral area. There was no skin covering the area and there was no clear evidence of meningomyocele but on transverse imaging of the spine they are significantly splayed. In the intracranial views we did see a lemon and banana sign. The ventricles were upper-normal and prominent, right at 1 cm with dangling choroids.

This particular case study involves a 29 year old obstetric patient who presented to the labor and delivery unit at 33 weeks gestation with complaints of abdominal pain for the past three days that had become more severe and absence of fetal movement noted since the previous evening. Her obstetric history revealed she has one living child and has had one previous miscarriage at ten weeks

On ultrasound there is a live fetus in cephalic presentation. Fetal biometry is consistent with dates. Measurements are around the mid-percentiles. A limited survey was unremarkable. AFI today is 23.5 cm. Umbilical

both sides for long not without surgical intervention. The baby is placed in palliative care

Premature babies are particularly at risk of suffering brain injury or even death if HIE occurs after delivery (Brandon.) The most common causes of postpartum HIE include: Severe cardiac or pulmonary disease. Infections, including sepsis and meningitis, severe prematurity, Low neonatal blood pressure, Brain or skull trauma and congenital brain malformations. In some cases, there are no identifiable causes for infant HIE (Brandon.) The effects and causes of HIE before, during, and after pregnancy can be mild to severe. There can be good outcomes with heavy treatment, but if symptoms are ignored it can become a nightmare for the child and

The principal mode of diagnosis is a differential diagnosis, and it includes a plethora of facets; bleeding from implantation site, which may be due to uterine atony, with predisposing factors such as infections, and retained placenta or abnormal placentation (Sheiner, 2011). Coagulation disorders and trauma are also essential facets considered during diagnosis (Sheiner, 2011). Conventionally, there are different methods used for the estimation of blood loss during diagnosis, and they are majorly classified as clinical and quantitative methods (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). Clinical method remains the primary means to

•It is not even known to be the definite cause because it is still unknown the exact cause of eclampsia but it has been said that it is from the abnormal cells of blood vessels. Some contributing risk factors associated with eclampsia are: history of high blood pressure prior to pregnancy, mother carrying more than one baby, a mother or sister that had a history of eclampsia, or obesity, woman over the age of 30, and a woman that has had no prenatal care.