Ceramides And Ceramide Explanations

Healthy and functioning skin barrier is important protector against dehydration, penetration of various microorganisms, allergens, irritants, reactive oxygen species and radiation. The skin barrier may be specifically adjusted to allow penetration. For this reason daily skin care may increase skin regeneration, elasticity, smoothness, and thus temporarily change the skin condition.

The outermost layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum corneum, it is water resistant and when not damaged, it protects the body from foreign substances such as bacteria, virus etc. it also ensures the protection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and internal organs. The skin is also thicker in regions that requires more protection such as the sole of the feet and palms.

The primary function of skin is to form a physical and chemical barrier to the external environment, against injurious insults. Harmful stimuli such as micro-organisms, ultraviolet radiation, toxic agents or irritants evoke a complex response known as inflammation. Inflammation is an essential response in the protection against injurious insults. The five classical signs of acute inflammation are pain, heat, redness, swelling, and functional loss. These signs can be explained by the different phases that the inflammatory response generally follows dilation of capillaries to increase blood flow, vasopermeabilization, leukocyte recruitment elimination of pathogens or injurious stimuli and resolution of inflammation [85]. At the molecular level,

HOW IT WORKSAb-Solution Plus uses a pharmaceutical grade transdermal carrying agent called liposomes to shuttle the clinically proven active ingredients deep into the layers of fat where they go to work at helping reduce the unwanted fat.

Raynaud’s syndrome causes narrowing of arteries carrying blood to fingers and toes limiting the blood circulation as a result of cold exposure. Nifedipine, vasodilator and calcium channel blocker is the drug of choice in treating Reynaud’s syndrome. Oral delivery of nifedipine can exhibit adverse effects like headache and dizziness, so topical formulation is a good alternative in this perspective. Another challenge is, photodegradation of nifedipine. To overcome this problem, a topical non-greasy vanishing cream, an o/w emulsion is formulated which retained 72% of nifedipine upon exposure to UVA light for 2h. In order to further improve the photostability, various photo stabilizers such as rutin, quercetin and butyl methoxybenzoylmethane (BMDBM)

With the increasing pace in demand for body beautification, the demand for skin treatment products such as Ellman is also increasing. Such products sport chemical compounds that help in correcting the blemishes and imperfections pertaining deep under the skin’s surface.

As skin ages the strength of the elasticity decreases and the skin begins to lose its firmness. This occurs as the concentration of the enzyme elastase decreases. This product contains anti-elastase properties which acts to inhibit the enzyme elastase. Elastase is the enzyme that is responsible for the breakdown of elastin. An anti-elastase cosmetic is desirable as it helps to maintain the skins firmness and reduce the ageing process [chemistry.berea.edu, 2009]. Anti-hyaluronidase properties help to prevent the breakdown of collagen in the skin. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme present in the skin that functions to break down collagen. Collagen is a structural component of the skin that is present in abundance. Hyaluronidase attacks the hyaluronidase

Vitamins and minerals like nutrients C and A are main in building and repairing healthful epidermis and connective tissue, as good as maintaining the epidermis's ordinary elasticity. Retaining enough phases of hydration via the use of a common moisturizer (such as Shea butter, cocoa butter or jojoba oil) can support to guard the penile epidermis in opposition to the effects of drying and chafing.

Photosensitizers are generally classified as porphyrins or non porphyrins. First generation photosensitizers include hematoporphyrin derivative and Photofrin. A number of second generation photosensitizers have been developed to alleviate certain problems associated with first generation molecules such as prolonged skin photosensitization and suboptimal tissue penetration. These second generation photosensitizers are chemically pure

As previously mentioned, the cellular adaptation to hypoxia is mainly mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). However, HIF-independent responses have been described upon hypoxia; many of these responses have been attributable to sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide. Although several studies were conducted in determining the effect of hypoxia on ceramide, ceramide responses to hypoxia as well as their biological significance remain under debate [63, 78].

The motivation behind the creation of EltaMD products was giving individuals a way to keep their skin safe long-term. Not only were the products intended to protect the skin from skin cancer but they were also designed to protect it from other damaging effects of the sun.

Phospholipids are indispensable for the live organism. They are composed basically of fatty acids, a glycerol unit, a phosphate group and polar group comprising of hydrophilic head and two lipophilic tails, that enable them to maintain water while having a naturally high affinity to skin. These heads and tails can organize themselves into bilayers—structures similar to skin. What is more special is these Phospholipids retain their structure when applied and may, therefore, be described as a “second skin”.

the skin will respond to the chemicals using cloned human tissue cells. The use of egg membrane

The ratio of free carboxyl groups to the ester is approximately 1 : 1 in Eudragit L (Type A) and approximately 1 : 2 in Eudragit S (Type B). Both polymers are readily soluble in neutral to weakly alkaline conditions (pH 6–7) and form salts with alkalis, thus affording film coats that are resistant to gastric media but soluble in intestinal fluid. They are available as a 12.5% solution in propan-2-ol without plasticizer (Eudragit L 12.5 and S 12.5); and as a 12.5% ready-to-use solution in propan-2-ol with 1.25% dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer (Eudragit L 12.5 P and S 12.5 P). Solutions are colorless, with the characteristic odor of the solvent. Eudragit L-100 and Eudragit S-100 are white free-flowing powders with at least 95% of dry

Over a decades ago of the treatment of disease has been expert by customary courses specifically oral, sublingual, rectal, parental and so forth. Topical medication organization is a limited medication conveyance framework anyplace in the body through ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal and skin as topical courses. The fundamental favorable position of topical conveyance framework is to sidestep first pass digestion system. Evasion of the dangers and disservices of intravenous treatment and of the shifted states of retention like pH changes, nearness of proteins, gastric discharging time are different points of interest of topical arrangements. These are applying a wide range of arrangements for both restorative and dermatological, to their solid or unhealthy skin. Dermatological items are various in definition and reach in consistency from fluid to powder however the most prevalent items are semisolid planning. Inside the real gathering of semisolid arrangements, the utilization of straightforward gels has extended both in beautifying agents and in pharmaceutical arrangements. Gels are a generally more current class of measurements structure made by entanglement of a lot of watery or hydro alcoholic fluid in a system of colloidal strong particles. Gel definitions for the most part give quicker medication discharge contrasted and ordinary treatments and creams. Notwithstanding numerous points of interest of gels a noteworthy confinement is in the trouble in conveyance of hydrophobic