Cerebral Palsy And Synthesis Essay

Cerebral palsy is the term given to a general group of nonspecific neuromuscular disorders that cause behavioral abnormalities. The condition was originally thought to be caused by asphyxia and trauma during pregnancy; however, through extensive research many divisions of cerebral palsy emerged. Such categories include spastic, athetoid, and ataxic cerebral palsy. Today over half a percent of the worlds population is subject to this condition of the brain. Two to four out of a thousand are affected in the industrialized United States; however, with the introduction of new preventive measures the numbers of cerebral palsy victims born each year are expected to decline. (Anee Stanford, General Information about Cerebral Palsy, page 1&2)

Cerebral palsy refers to a group of chronic disorders that involve degrees of brain damage that affect body control and movement. The term cerebral refers to the brain, while palsy describes a disorder that impairs the control of body movement. These disorders are not the result of muscles or nerves problems. Instead, they are due to impaired motor areas in the brain that disrupt its ability to control movement and posture. The condition typically appears within the first few years of life and it is not marked by regression. (Mecham, 1986)

The human body is made up of many organ systems that consist of organs and tissues of different anatomies and diverse nomenclature. These organs systems, organs and tissues are prone to thousands of diseases, and one of these diseases is cerebral palsy, which is a disease of the nervous system in simple terms. Research relating to cerebral palsy is carried out, whereby the disorder is described, along with its history, and how it affects the nervous system and the brain. The anatomy of the body systems involves with regard to this disorder, the effects of the disorder on these body systems and other body systems are also researched and discussed. Furthermore, the research focuses on the causes of cerebral palsy, its complications, signs, and symptoms, and the diagnosis of the disorder, along with its treatment and side effects of the treatment. A recap of the research focusing on prevention strategies, the anatomy and physiology of cerebral palsy and the nervous system is presented.

Cerebral palsy presents itself as a, usually recognizable by others, physical disability. This disability does not allow full physical movements or use of extremities. A person with this disability may not be able to walk or may not be able to use an arm. Alternatively, a person with cerebral palsy may not stand upright, as most people do. This condition is chronic, meaning that it is long-lasting over much time. As this disability presents itself in various ways, one with cerebral palsy may experience involuntary muscle movements. Often times, people with cerebral palsy may experience deficits appearing in one side of the body. The way that cerebral palsy appears at birth will be the way that this disability presents itself during the duration of life. The disability does not get worse and cannot be cured after birth.

Cerebral Palsy is a broad term used to describe a group of chronic “palsies”, which are

Dysarthria and apraxia are speech disorders, which affect the motor skills of a person. These two speech disorders can occur concurrently with one another. Dysarthria is a result of impaired movement of the muscles that are used for speech production, which includes the tongue, lips, vocal folds, and the diaphragm. The severity and type of dysarthria depend on the location of where the nervous system is affected. Apraxia occurs when the messages from the brain to the mouth are disrupted, causing the person to be unable to move the lips or tongue to the right place to say sounds correctly, even though the muscles in the mouth are not weak. For apraxia, the severity depends on the brain damage. Despite both speech disorders

Cerebral palsy is a group of non-progressive motor disorders caused by damage to the fetal or infant brain. There are two main types of cerebral palsy: congenital and acquired. Most children diagnosed with cerebral palsy are diagnosed with congenital cerebral palsy, which they were born with, after a few months or years of life (National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The main etiologies of congenital cerebral palsy include damage to the white matter of the brain, bleeding in the brain as the result of a stroke, or abnormal brain development as a fetus as well as asphyxia during delivery. Acquired cerebral palsy begins after birth. The main etiologies of acquired cerebral

ASHA defines dysarthria as “A neurological motor speech disorder affecting the strength, range of motion, speed, and precision of the speech musculature” (ASHA, 2017). There are several congenital and acquired causes for this disorder including: traumatic brain injury, tumors, degenerative diseases, strokes, toxic and metabolic conditions. The damage causes paralysis, weakness, or lack of coordination of the the muscles involved in articulating speech, which results in reduced intelligibility. Dysarthria affects the respiration, phonation, resonance, prosody, and articulation of speech.

The authors look at how the term cerebral palsy needs to be rejected, refined and then finally recovered. Overall the questions surrounding the term cerebral palsy is, is there really one such thing as CP? Through the thinking behind the history of CP, the conclusion was made that the term is an umbrella term for a group but it is not just one disease. This then leads into the refined aspect of the article because the authors discuss “Thus, we feel (seriously) reluctant to give up the term entirely, although we clearly subscribe to the view that CP is not one disease” (Dammann & Kuban, 2007). With that being said, the information behind the diagnosis of CP needs to be refined and thought , “…is there a way to make the definition (and thereby, the diagnosis) more homogeneous and more meaningful?...” (Dammann & Kuban, 2007). Without looking more into the definition and classification, “…the current classification recommendations are likely to diminish descriptive precision, which will, in turn, lead to oversimplification of different CP forms, make it more difficult to compare research study populations, and make discussions with parents about prognosis and potential comorbidities more difficult” (Dammann & Kuban, 2007). Since CP is an umbrella term for a group of various neuromotor impairments, it is important to continue research. However, “Advances in evidence-based approaches to clinical care have…been slow in CP which has led to gaps in services and to opportunities to decrease morbidity, improve quality of life, and provide cost-effective care being missed” (Aisen, Kerkovich, Mast, Mulroy Wren, Kay, & Rethlefsen, 2011). These delays have been due to the differences between

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a term that encompasses several neurological disorders that permanently affect balance, muscle coordination, and movement. Typically contracted before birth, it affects every part of a child’s ability to function and interact with others. Some infants display only mild forms of CP and are able to function fairly well, attend school and make friends among their peer age group. A diagnosis of CP can have a devastating effect on the parents and siblings, including feelings of guilt over potential causes, and due to sibling frustration over the attention required by a child with CP.

Spastic dysarthria includes a limited range of motion for the lips and tongue due to reduced muscle capacity. Sounds are more neutral, voice is harsher, and drooling is common. Speech is slow, forced, and blended. Bursts of acoustic energy may also occur during speech production.

William Carey University In the recommended textbook for the class, there is a vast number of cataloged scenarios. These scenarios describe handicapped individuals, the disorder that they have, the reason why they have that disorder, and the life circumstances that they are in due to them being handicapped. For example, one such scenario out of the textbook is scenario 5.2. In scenario 5.2, there is a young boy, named Francisco, who happens to be stricken with a motor skills disorder. Francisco is diagnosed with the motor skills disorder known as cerebral palsy, or otherwise known as CP. Cerebral palsy is a disorder that affects muscle tone, movement, and motor skills. Cerebral palsy is

Spastic dysarthria is a type of motor speech disorder that affects speech articulation which is caused by lesions of the corticobulbar tracts. Its cell bodies send impulses that results in movement, along its axons. The principle result of damage in spastic dysarthria is difficulty with fine motor movements. With phonation in spastic dysarthria, the patient’s speech is slow and effortful and the voice quality is mainly harsh. Pitch is low, with pitch breaks occurring in some cases. The tone is increased but also weak, and bursts of loudness are commonly noted in the speech of patients with spastic dysarthria.

I found that in definition the words Cerebral Palsy are used to describe a medical condition that affects control of the muscles. Cerebral means anything in the head and palsy refers to anything wrong with control of the muscles or joints in the body. If someone has cerebral palsy it means that because of an injury to their brain (that's the cerebral part) they are not able to use some of the muscles in their body in the normal way (that's the palsy part). Children

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is brain damage. It cannot be cured, it is not contagious, it is not a disease, and it does not get worse. According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, "Cerebral Palsy is a broad term for various nonprogressive disorders of motor function in people, resulting from brain damage around the time of birth. Damage to the brain could occur before, during, or shortly after birth"(“Cerebral”). Since the damage is done during the brain’s formation, and occurs in the part of the brain that controls motor and muscle functions, people with CP might have problems with motor skills, muscle tone, muscle weakness, reflexes, balance, excessive drooling, difficulties swallowing or speaking, shaking, tremors, and