Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

This essay sets out to discuss the importance of comprehensive and accurate assessment on a registered nurses’ ability to make excellent clinical decisions. It will examine what factors can change a nurses’ capability to be aware of, and act on abnormal assessment findings. As well as assessment being part of the nursing process that is used in every day nursing, it is also a critical part of patient safety (Higgins, 2008). Assessment findings are used to determine what needs to be done for the patient next. Early warning scoring systems currently exist to aid in the early detection of patient deterioration (Goldhill, 2005). The rationale for the use of these systems is that early recognition of deterioration in the vital signs of a

Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, will lead to brain damage that affects the functioning of executive function, memory, language, visuospatial performance and emotional states. Corresponding vertebral arteries and carotid arteries provide blood to the brain from the heart that the carotid arteries are internal and external sections of the thyroid cartilage. Where the optic nerve rests the internal artery distributes into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The vertebral arteries arise through the spinal vertebrae and meet the lower pons to form the basilar artery. The brain receives 15% to 20% of the oxygenated blood from the heart and can only endure fleeting interruptions of blood flow before neural operations

In a patient care setting, a patient who came to the hospital with fever, increased heart rate, low blood pressure, and then lab result reveals an increase in the lactic acid level and low blood sugar. A baccalaureate degree nurse will go extra miles to collect more information on these finding to rule out infection in any body site, combining the subjective and objective clinical finding of this patient might suggest to the nurse that this looks like a sepsis case and the nurse with proper communication can suggest to the Dr what her clinical findings are and with early intervention, and quality management, other complication like organ failure and even death might be avoided. All these can be achieved by application of advanced knowledge into nursing practice for positive outcome, decreased mortality rate, effective communication, critical

For instance, with early assessment, a patient with cellulitis may get oral anti-infection agents that could dodge hospitalization for intravenous anti-microbials. Additionally, a patient with ceaseless heart

This shift in the setting for health care is moving health care back into the patient’s environment and also requiring people to take a greater role in their individual health management. Nurses can offer professional guidance in this trend as well. Proper diagnosis and treatment will be of paramount importance in the future so that health care funds can be better applied and the nursing experience and knowledge gleaned can be more widely disseminated in the field. (Saver, 2006)

The more years’ study enables BSN to do their job more effectively than an ADN for the promotion of health, prevention of the illness, detection of diseases especially acute and chronic conditions, and advocate hope and strength to patients’ families.

good outcomes. The timely recognition of symptoms for this condition could be a matter of life

Presenting symptoms may imply more than hints to a disease which is a potential progression, the right attitudes for a nursing professional to manage symptoms are to understand the person’s experience and the meaning of related with every symptoms (Heaworth & Dluhy, 2001).

The data collected would provide the base for the further plan of care for the patient and direct the care in a cost effective manner. This also helps ensure quality care through the feedback from the patient. Even though anyone and everyone in the health team who comes in contact with the patient collect the data from the patient, it is the nurse’s responsibility to collect information from the patient from the time of admission to the health care setting. Another reason is that the nurse spend more time with the patient than other health team members, so they can collect relevant data that can be the determinant of the care. This data serves as a baseline in planning care by the health team. Through the health education of the patient and the community and health assessment by screening for diseases, the nurse can improve the health awareness

Nurses are diagnosticians. A nursing diagnosis is defined as “a clinical judgment concerning a human response to health conditions/life processes, or vulnerability for that response, by an individual, family, group, or community” (Herdman, T. H., Kamitsuru, S., & North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, 2014, p. 25). Nursing diagnoses are different than medical diagnoses because they help to identify the problems that patients are facing as a result of the disease. The problems identified are within the nurse’s scope of practice. The accuracy of diagnosis of human response is crucial because all the nursing actions will flow from that specific diagnosis ( Black, B. P., and Chitty, K. K., 2014). Margaret Lunney states that the accuracy of the nursing diagnosis is professional behavior in which the nurse is fully accountable for it (Lunney, 2001). Professional behavior and accountability were acknowledged when considered the diagnoses for my case study, S.M.

One of the most important properties of BBB is that it separates the brain tissue from the blood circulation of the CNS. By that it consists of three parts: the layer of endothelial cells connected through tight junctions, basal membrane, and astrocytes and pericytes. Its main function is it only select molecules to pass from the bloodstream into the fluid that bathes the brain, whereas vital nutrients get in, toxins and pathogens are blocked. Formed by endothelial cells and epithelial cells and contributing to the intercellular tight junction, BBB is the creation of a paracellular barrier for ions, proteins and other solutes. The brain has to think a lot and do a lot of extracting necessary ingredients such as oxygen and glucose in order for us to function and live and to do some activity movements. Transporting proteins and drug delivery is one of those mechanism of the BBB in which it allows important substances to pass through into the brain and spinal cord preventing a blockage of certain materials into the CNS.

Murine chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) results in white matter (WM) injury and behavioral deficits. Pericytes influence blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and cerebral blood flow. Under hypoxic conditions, perictyes detach from perivascular locations, increasing vessel permeability and neuronal injury. This study characterizes the time course of BBB dysfunction and pericyte coverage following murine experimental CCH secondary to bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Mice underwent BCAS or sham operation. On post-procedure days 1, 3, 7 and 30, corpus callosum BBB permeability was characterized using Evans blue (EB) extravasation and IgG staining and pericyte coverage was calculated. The BCAS cohort demonstrated increased EB extravasation on postoperative days 1 (p=.03) and 3 (p=.01) when compared to sham mice. Further, EB extravasation was significantly greater (p=.03) at day 3 than at day 30 in BCAS mice. Positive IgG staining was seen at post-procedure day 3 in the BCAS group. BCAS mice demonstrated a nadir in pericyte coverage on post-operative day 3 (p50%) was reported to be 7% in women and 9% in men3. Clinical carotid endarterectomy studies of cerebral hypoperfusion, demonstrate a nearly 25% incidence of subtle cognitive decline in the absence of overt neurologic change or radiographic evidence of stroke4. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia have become increasingly more common as the population ages5-8.

Diseases affects the way our body works. It is because of this fact that a lot of resources are set aside by governments around the world. Families make sure that they have insurance to help during such times when diseases strike. Therefore, it is important for us in the healthcare field to try and learn every information that is available regarding the various diseases and their process. By equipping ourselves with such knowledge and information, we become an important piece of the puzzle in trying to educate those close to us, whether our families or at our work places. Florence Nightingale, maintained that the purpose of nursing is to put the patient in the best condition so that nature can act upon them. This, I believe can be achieved

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is the fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord. It is formed in the ventricles of the brain and follows a course down the spinal column and back up to the brain, where it is reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

This will study will provide an opportunity for the presenters to really know the disease that significantly affects anybody. It will also give them an avenue to show how much they have understood about the disease and how much are they able to share effectively to their fellow student nurses – the simplest and the best way that they could.