Cerebrovascular Disease: A Case Study

Patients had to measure their IC by using an incentive spirometer to measure static lung values. They performed this test for 20 minutes after inhaling 400 mg of salbutamol via a nebulizer. The patients were asked to use the FVC spirometer and told to take a deep breath and then to let the breath out passively. They were then asked to do the same maneuver 2 more times, but the closeness made the study choose the first attempt.

A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood

An incentive spirometer is a device that our patients use to improve the function of their lungs. This main underlying principle is that breathing can be exercised to train the expansion of lungs capacity (Potter, Perry, Stockert, & Hall, 2013). Patients who qualify for this intervention include those who have recently had a surgery, were under anesthesia, or have been placed on bed rest. Our main concern here is that these situations create opportunity for less activity within the lungs, which can put the patient at risk for pneumonia.

Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, will lead to brain damage that affects the functioning of executive function, memory, language, visuospatial performance and emotional states. Corresponding vertebral arteries and carotid arteries provide blood to the brain from the heart that the carotid arteries are internal and external sections of the thyroid cartilage. Where the optic nerve rests the internal artery distributes into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The vertebral arteries arise through the spinal vertebrae and meet the lower pons to form the basilar artery. The brain receives 15% to 20% of the oxygenated blood from the heart and can only endure fleeting interruptions of blood flow before neural operations

Helps reduce stasis of secretions in the lungs and the bronchial tree. When stasis occurs, pathogens can cause upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. The incentive spirometer aids to prevent atelectasis of the alveoli.

The prevalence of asthma has steadily grown in both the US and world populations, and continues to do so. In the US alone, 25 million people were diagnosed with asthma by 2010 (CDC, 2013). In turn, the need to accurately assess the functionality of a patient’s lung capacity is an essential step to begin diagnosis and treatment of their condition. This paper examines the mechanical peak flow meter, which was crafted for assessing lung function capacity in asthmatic patients. In addition, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of usage of the peak flow meter, as well as the proper usage. Among the various instruments used to assess a patient’s lung capacity, the mechanical peak flow meter is the most widely used and among one of the most precise measurement tools (CDC, 2013).

Furthermore, they ran different tests on me for my asthma, one being an Exhaled Nitric Oxide test. This test measures the level of nitric oxide in an exhaled breath. This test, along with the other test preformed, helped the doctors find an obstruction in one of my lungs that I never even knew I had.

Some asthmatics use a peak flow meter to gauge their lung function. Lung function decreases

Spirometers are used in the medical field for detecting and grading the severity of respiratory related disorders. Spirometry is often used in medical settings like hospitals and clinics. They measure airflow and lung volumes to detect for any abnormalities. A specific example would be testing for diseases like asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. People with asthma have inflammation of the lungs causing bronchi muscle spasms. This ultimately constricts the airways and reduces air flow. A spirometer would display this information by showing lower breathing

Spirometry is the most popular lung function test. The patient performs a maximal inhalation and then forcefully exhales as quickly and as long as they are able. The spirometer measures the volume of the air exhaled by patients. These measurements are taken at two intervals. The first measurement is the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), records the volume of air exhaled after one second. The second measurement is taken at the point where the patient has fully exhaled the volume of inhaled air; this measurement is the forced vital capacity (FVC) (Harpreet Ranu et al.,

Obtaining a sputum (thick fluid produced in the lungs) specimen (a sample) can be very important when it comes to identifying what’s going on inside of the body, especially in the lungs. For example, some respiratory (system that helps you breathe) infections (invasion of the body by bacteria) are caused by pathogens (anything that causes disease) who are not able to grow on their own, and can only be recognizable within the sputum resting at the bottom of the lungs. Therefore, these specimens are a good detector for distinguishing bacteria (type of pathogen), which cause disease (an abnormal condition). When a sputum specimen is collected, the health care professional should be very careful and make sure that they are attaining it from the

Monitoring of intake and output in order to identify and evaluating the negative balance that is more output than input as evidence of pulmonary crackles, distended bilateral jugular vein and decrease breath sound

This concept is taken from Block 4, Module 6 which is entitled as ‘Assessment of respiratory system’. The respiratory system comprises of different organs used in respiration. Respiration involves inhalation and exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide between living organisms and the environment. The organs of respiration include; the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, 2 bronchi, bronchioles, 2 lungs and muscles of breathing (the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm).

Spirometry as a measure of lung function provides complementary information that is not provided by other outcome variables.

This increases the force behind the mucus allowing it to loosen from the lung and airway walls [2]. Pulmonary function can be determined through the use of Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs), where the patient breathes into a small device, which then measures how much air is being inhaled and exhaled. [3] Also, the physiotherapist may work in sync with a radiographer to determine the decrease in pulmonary function through the use of x-rays. The physiotherapist also works hand-in-hand with the physician to determine the frequency of physiotherapy sessions and what is required from the physiotherapy sessions. As the patient continues to get older, pulmonary function may decline so much that the physician decides a lung transplant is the best option for the patient. It is very important that the patient continues an exercise program whilst on the transplant waiting list in order to maintain their health [4]. Post-transplant, the patient should follow a daily physiotherapy plan as it has be shown to