Ceremonies And Celebrations : The Coast Salish People Of British Columbia And Washington State

The Coastal People and the Plateau People are two native American cultures that shared the environment in Washington. Coastal people lived west of the Cascades in Washington. The Plateau people lived east of the Cascades. Even though they are different native American cultures, they had many things in common. Both native American cultures live in Washington on either side of the Cascades.

For the purpose of this project, our group has decided to focus on Native American culture and their non-verbal communication patterns. We chose to focus on Native American culture due to their unique methods of communication. What makes this culture so distinct is the way in which they encompass their values into their communication methods. Their communication methods are unlike most cultures and are even utilized within Western culture in modern day.

The Eastern Woodland Farmers and Hunters both live near the Five lakes between U.S.A. and Canada, they both use snowshoes during the winter, and they both lived near south, southwest of Ontario. The Eastern Woodland Hunters and The Inuit both fish as one of their ways to get food, both were also nomadic people, and they also were both peaceful people(they rarely fight in war). The Eastern Woodland Farmers and The Inuit both used boats to get around in the water, they both

The indigenous people of California had existed on the lands as hunters-gathers before the arrival of the Spanish who were the first Europeans to reach this part of the Americas. These settlers who began surveying the area since 1530, helped introduce the mission system around 1697 as part of an effort to set up permanent bases for new arrivals and as a bulwark against other European powers. This establishment caused the natives to transition from their original lifestyle into agrarian farmers to help bring in revenue for the Spanish crown which led to them being exploited economically in the process. To establish order in this new land, the Spaniards used harsh punishments for rooting out defiance within the Indian population. However, eventually the natives would begin to die off in such large quantities that it echoed what else was happening what was happening in the rest of the continent. Overall, the effect on the indigenous population was predominantly negative due to contributing towards loss of culture, experiencing callous treatment at the hands of the Spanish, and forced population decline.

Canada ­as a nation is known to the world for being loving, courteous, and typically very welcoming of all ethnicities. Nevertheless, the treatment of Canada’s Indigenous population over the past decades, appears to suggest otherwise. Indigenous people have been tormented and oppressed by the Canadian society for hundreds of years and remain to live under discrimination resulting in cultural brutality. This, and more, has caused severe negative cultural consequences, psychological and sociological effects. The history of the seclusion of Indigenous people has played a prominent aspect in the development and impact of how Indigenous people are treated and perceived in today’s society. Unfortunately, our history with respect to the treatment of Indigenous communities is not something in which we should take pride in. The Indian Act of 1876 is an excellent model of how the behavior of racial and cultural superiority attributed to the destruction of Indigenous culture and beliefs. The Indian Act established by the Canadian government is a policy of Aboriginal assimilation which compels Indigenous parents under threat of prosecution to integrate their children into Residential Schools. As a nation, we are reminded by past actions that has prompted the weakening of the identity of Indigenous peoples. Residential schools has also contributed to the annihilation of Indigenous culture which was to kill the Indian in the child by isolating them from the influence of their parents and

Although the Plateau Indians had horses, the coastal lived near rivers and forests. They caught salmon. The Coastal Indians also caught “halibut, herring, flounder, and sardines.”Lambert,85. Along with that they also caught an abundance of all types of shellfish; “Mussels, limpets, clams, and oysters”Liptak,2.

The Timbisha are a Native American tribe that is federally recognized as the Death Valley Timbisha Shoshone Band of California. Located in Death Valley National Park, which neighbors the California−Nevada border, their headquarters are centered in Furnace Creek. Pauline Esteves, Maddy Esteves, and Joe Kennedy are the most prominent members of the tribe. In 2004, Joe Kennedy was elected tribal chairman and is currently a spokesperson for the tribe. Pauline Esteves, tribal elder and chairperson, is a negotiator and an internationally recognized activist who wants to pass on tribal traditions to the younger generations so that the Timbisha traditions, language, and culture does not die out (Jarvis). Maddy Esteves, Pauline’s

The most important of all to the Northwest coast Indian peoples was the Raven. The Pueblo peoples lived in compact, permanent villages and resided in multifamily buildings. The women of a household cared for young children; cultivated spring-irrigated gardens.

The Aboriginal peoples of Canada had gone through many situations to get to where they are today with their education system. Pain, sorrow, doubt, and hope are all feelings brought to mind when thinking about the history and the future of Aboriginal education. By taking a look at the past, anyone can see that the right to education for Aboriginal peoples has been fought about as early as the 1870s. This is still is a pressing issue today. Elder teachings, residential, reserve and post-secondary schools have all been concerning events of the past as well as the present. Though education has improved for the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, there are still many concerns and needs of reconciliation for the past to improve the future.

A short little line that stood out to me here. “Mrs. Sallie Noble says there are some that speak the language still on Salmon River.”. Although this group was said to be extinct there are still some speaking the language in 1921.

The Eastern Woodland Indians was an Indian tribe that was located around the stretch from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean. Usually the Woodland Indians had settled west from the Atlantic. The Eastern Woodland tribe also settled from Canada in the North all the way to The Gulf of Mexico in the South. The Indians of The Eastern Woodlands tribe had spoke several different languages and dialects. According to www.indians.org, “Additionally, there were many groups such as the Cayuga, Mohawk, Onondaga, and Seneca tribes”. Many different parts of the Eastern Woodlands economy encouraged them to become a civilization such as the habitat of the Eastern Woodlands, the shelter, the food, and the culture of the Eastern Woodlands Indians.

The Canadian native aboriginals are the original indigenous settlers of North Canada in Canada. They are made up of the Inuit, Metis and the First nation. Through archeological evidence old crow flats seem to the earliest known settlement sites for the aboriginals. Other archeological evidence reveals the following characteristics of the Aboriginal culture: ceremonial architecture, permanent settlement, agriculture and complex social hierarchy. A number of treaties and laws have been enacted amongst the First nation and European immigrants throughout Canada. For instance the Aboriginal self-government right was a step to assimilate them in Canadian society. This allows for a chance to manage

Across Canada and the United States there are many First Nations languages which are a part of the Algonquian language family, all of which with varying states of health. Although these languages share many characteristics of the Algonquian language family, the cultures, systems of beliefs, and geographic location of their respective Nations differentiate them. In being shaped by the landscape, cultures, and spirituality of the First Nations, the language brings the speakers closer to their land and traditions while reaffirming their identity as First Peoples. Using the Blackfoot Nation to further explore this concept, this paper will show that while language threads together First Nations culture, spirituality,

1)Donald Savoie, "All Things Canadian Are Now Regional," Journal of Canadian Studies 35.1 (Summer 2000): 203-217.

These were not tribes but language families that comprised many language groups. Numerous tribes also spoke languages unrelated to any of the above. These tribes are believed to have lived off the land as hunters and gathers. (4)