Cesare Lombroso Research Paper

Criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior (Siegel 4). Criminology is not just understanding criminal actions but also studying how to correct and prevent crime, overall. There are five major Criminological theories, (1) Classical Theory, (2) Positivist Theory, (3) Marxist / Conflict Theory, (4) Sociological Theory, and (5) Multifactor / Integrated Theory.

Criminology is a study of crime, criminals and criminal justice. Ideas about criminal justice and crime arose in the 18th century during the enlightenment, but criminology as we know it today developed in the late 19th century. Criminology has been shaped by many different academic disciplines and has many different approaches. It explores the implications of criminal laws; how they emerge and work, then how they are violated and what happens to those violators. Laws are relative and historically shaped; they vary from time to time and from place to place (Carrabine et al, 2009).

Before Williams in 1997 published her definition of criminology, Emsley in 1996 wrote what he believed to be the simplest definition, and it is similar to Williams in that he has based his also around the criminal justice system: ‘crime is a behaviour which violates the criminal law, behaviour which ‘if detected’, would lead to prosecution in a court of law, or summarily before an accredited

Cesare Beccaria and Cesare Lombroso were both extremely important to the field of criminology. Cesare Lombroso is actually considered the father of criminology, and he believed that certain people were just born criminals and it was all genetics. Cesare Beccaria main belief was that a person can do a crime at free will, but the punishment should and can be harsh and tortuous.

Public criminology combines research, crime and the public in the meaning of their work and engages people of all skill and expertise levels in their consensus. Unlike other research, public criminology strives to involve the public in debates to further their knowledge and be able to interact with people of differential opinions.

Criminology, as defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, written by the author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., is “the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders” (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). Criminology, in itself, has a wide variety of function in treating crime and providing punishment to those who commit the crimes here in the U.S. Since crime increases with the population growth, more policies are being given to law makers, which changes the perspective in how the Criminal Justice system works. Due to the increase in crimes, new laws are made to help reduce the crimes in order to minimize the threat of increasing the crimes that are being committed. The Criminal Justice system offers a wide area of responsibilities that houses different types of functions which helps in the fulfillment of accomplishing the tasks needed for a better, well organized running of the Criminal Justice system.

The Roaring twenties was a time of growth and prosperity. A time of groups making music inspiring and amazing people all over the nation. It was also a prosperous time for mobs and gangsters. The year was 1918, and everyone thought the dangers of having unlimited access to liquor and Alcohol were over but no one knew that this would be a time of great rise of mobsters and gangs all around the darkest corners of cities in the United States.

The sociological discipline that deals with crime (behaviour that violates our laws) is known as criminology.

Criminology is a complex subject chock-full of theories that attempt to explain crime and criminal behavior. Each base theory has several branches of theory which expand upon and compliment their predecessors. Even some of the sub-theories have branches of theories.

Criminology is more on the study of the crime itself, the study of criminal behavior and to the study of why criminal commit the crime and what the reasons behind committing the crime. Victimology is the study of the relationship between the victims and the criminals, to the interactions between the victims and the criminal justice system, and to the, social and how it deals with crime victims(Daigle,2012).

Criminology is a subdivision of sociology and it draws information from psychology, biology, and statistics that dwells mostly on expanding knowledge on the real causes of criminal activities among the people. Moreover, its findings are very crucial in that they influence legislatures in making the law, judges in giving out justice, lawyers in defending their client, and prosecutors in prosecuting people in a court of law. Those professionals are able to understand crime in a different angle hence developing more efficient and humane sentences and treatment of criminal activities in the society. In criminology, investigating why people engage in crime is very crucial so that it will help to come up with ways of preventing crime (Conklin, 1981).

1). Criminology arose from the social scientific community over the year and has since come into its own discipline, it examines the entire process of lawmaking, law breaking, and law enforcing” (as cited in Akers, & Sellers, 2013). Criminology seeks to discover the depth of crime at both the micro and macro levels, from the individual’s natural biological and psychological characteristics, the nurturing of social and structural institutions, to policy, prevention and control.

Criminology is the definition of our crime today, it defines many aspects and elements that challenge our common sense understanding of crime. The term ‘Criminology’ was first introduced into the English language in Garland 1988 by a criminologist Havelock Ellis (jones, 2013, pp. 2-3). However criminology was present in the 1860’s as Henry Maudsley a medic that worked in the prison systems to study insane and feeble - minded criminals (jones, 2013, pp. 2.) Criminology gives an understanding to those that seek justice although some victims may prevent crime or encourage it to gain the same significance. The reasoning of crime has changed considerably over the past 40 years, some say it was the change of the criminal justice system abolishing Capital punishment in 1965, or just the development in different legislations. Making punishment more psychological rather than physical punishment may have increased the velocity of the crime rate today as some may argue it is less harsh. Criminology is one to justify these changes to prevent criminal offences. Criminology is enforced to understand and analyse the extent of offences and how legislation is formed and put into practice. Development in crime in our

Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals. Criminological theories have provided empirical insight into factors that explain crime. However, as research developed they noticed that not just one theory can adequately explain crime and delinquency. In the early stages of research, they found the neoclassical theory that evolved from the classical school theory that made the assumption of “free will,” and that humans acted on rational choice. It was later developed that biological theories rejected the idea of “free will” and believed that human behavior could be due to genetics or human development starting at a young age. I will be going into better detail about the theories and their underlying assumptions, and how both theories play a significant role into our current knowledge of crime today.

Being a criminologist means being in a very intellectual field. The specific majors that many of future criminologist major in are criminology, psychology, and sociology. There are also other majors including criminal justice and history. These majors would help you to better understand the actions and human nature. The academic requirements needed is a bachelor's or