Challenge Faced by Bank Regulator and Supervisor

There are various categories of banking; these include retail banking, directly dealing with small businesses and persons. Commercial and Corporate banking which offers services to medium and large businesses (Koch & MacDonald 2010). Private banking, deals with individuals, offering them one on one service. The last category is investment banking. These help clients to raise capital and often invest in financial markets. Most global banking institutions provide all these services combined. With all these institutions in existence within the same localities and offering similar services, there is a need to regulate the industry so as to protect the consumer and provide fair working environment for all banks (Du & Girma, 2011).

Is that make loans or buy bonds with long maturities are relatively more exposed to credit risk. Foreign exchange risk, is the risk that exchange rate changes can affect the value of an FI’s assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. FIs can reduce risk through domestic-foreign activity. Liquidity risk, is the risk that a sudden and unexpected increase in liability withdrawals may require an FI to liquidate assets in a very short period of time and at low prices. Can be day-to-day withdrawals by liability holders are generally predictable. And are usually large withdrawals by liability holders can create liquidity

Credit risk is the risk that the bank will not be able to repay funds when they ask for them.

The present project is Sever Integrated Banking is the easiest form of accessing one’s Bank account. The main objective of this project is to facilitate the Bank Customer to access his/her account without having needed to go to Bank or ATM. Now we can access our bank account and conduct a host of banking transactions and inquiries through Internet service. The Net Banking solution’s self-service capabilities empowers customers to manage their banking activities better. The general procedure is that the Customer has to go to near ATM/Bank in order to access his account. The main disadvantage of this system is, it is time consuming, costly and it is a tedious process to go there for every small work. The current project gives the best alternative. As it is 24 hrs available and has a maximum reach even to the places where banks are not available. Customers can make fund transfers to others, knowing all information regarding all policies and also customer can pay all bills through net only.

Market risk is the risk associated with an investors day to day investments, that are affected by constant fluctuations in the markets. With investment banking, a banks reputation is a critical in its success, reputational risk describes the trustworthiness of a business. A firm with a poor reputation will not get as much business, meaning a bad reputation results in a loss in revenue. Concentration Risk is the risk showing the spread of a banks’ accounts to various debtors to whom the bank has lent to. The Basel II accord stated that ‘operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events’. This risk covers the very wade basis of a company’s operations, there are many different factors involved here: people, employees actions and company processes.

Another type of risk faced by banks is Liquidity Risk. The liquidity risk faced by the bank is that it has to have the ability to meet any financial obligations it has, using its available equity, when they are called upon, without suffering heavy or crippling losses. If a bank were unable to satisfy its depositors’ demands a ‘bank run’ may occur. This occurs when depositors lose confidence in the bank and rush to withdraw their deposits. An example of this recently was with Northern Rock who lost their consumers’ confidence and triggered the first run on a British bank in over a hundred years. The resulting bank run caused a severe liquidity crisis, which then transformed into a solvency crisis for the bank. It was at this point the government had to intervene and bail the bank out to safeguard Northern Rocks customers’ savings. To make sure that a bank is able to come good on its liabilities it must constantly make sure that adequate liquidity is maintained, that is to maintain a balance between its primary liabilities (clients deposits at the bank), that could be called upon to be paid on demand, and

The risk that a firms customers and parties to which it has lent money will fail to make promised payments is known as credit risk.

Abstract - A bank plays a vital role in peoples life.A bank connects customers with deficit assets to customers with surplus assets.Net banking refers to the system that enables bank customers to access accounts and general information on bank products and services through personal computer(PC) or other intelligent devices and it also performs virtual banking functions. Bank’s first aim is to achieve the trust of customers then customers report their personal details ,Security of the customers is the prime concern of the banks and it has its own measures to secure client details and transactions i.e; both online and offline.The major security measures are confidentiality integrity ,availability and accuracy. Apart from all the security

This is the risk of financial gain or loss due to exposure to movement in market prices. The four standard market risks are currency risk, equity index risk, interest rate risk and commodity risk. Currency risk is a financial risk that occurs when a financial transactions is denominated in a currency other than that of the company based currency. Equity index risk is the financial risk that has to do with the holding equity in a specific investment. The risk in equity can be measure with the standard deviation of a security price over a specific period of time. Interest rate risk is

Due to the nature of the online environment it is difficult for banks to build trust and relationships with their customers. The Internet is extremely impersonal due to its global audience, the bricks and mortar location of the local branch with a smiling advisor is much more inviting in comparison to a cold lifeless computer screen. Also the learning process involved in using e-banking can be daunting, customers must invest their time and effort into learning more to use and navigate their way around the sites. Internet banking can also be time consuming to set up and registration numbers and access codes can be misplaced, stolen or forgotten. Although

The way we live today is so much influenced by computing technologies. Computers control the economy, transportation, banking and many other functions. Internet and mobile technologies are increasingly being adopted and utilized in the banking industry; this has reshaped the consumption of financial services. Electronic banking is considered a way of delivering banking services through the internet to the consumer at a reduced cost to the banking industry and improved convenience to the customer . However there exists a low internet connectivity in the developing countries given the costs of connection especially in rural areas and yet banking services need to be brought closer to the population to enhance development . A viable solution here is mobile banking. Mobile banking is considered as a service that enables users to receive information regarding the status of their accounts, transfer among bank accounts, to facilitate stock trading and direct payment confirmation using mobile devices.

In this 21st century the Internet has made revolutionary impact on all aspects of human life. Out of all, banking operations have greater impact of ICT on its day-today happenings. An e-cash payment system is one of the evidence of impact of internet and information Communication technology jargons. In this process a consumer/client opens an account with the banking organization or other which could give and receive money in the digital coins form. In the case client 's account is deposited in the form of real money, as it is attached to the client 's checking account in reality.

funds transfer, downloading transaction information, bill presentment and payment, loan applications, investment activity, other value-added services etc. from his/ her personal computer (PC) or any other intelligent device with internet banking service. With online banking service customer know the information from any branch of the respective bank.

Accordingly a larger section of population is still unaware of Online Banking owing to many reasons and legitimate crises. Moreover, this Online banking culture is such a culture or trend, as people ought to know, considering the issue. We should go forward to work immensely in this area or field as though this trend or culture spreads and gets access to the realization of people in no time. The money embezzlement in a bank poses tense and threat to the belief of people on bank, that man be eradicated through updated, modem service ensured in change of traditional banking management, therefore, my research work regarding this banking culture might grow the confidence, eagerness to large extent. On the contrary, this study would let the people and students be familiarized and come to a close contact in behalf of this banking system.

Besides opportunities of this channel, banks and financial institutions across the world face new challenges to the ways they operate, deliver services and compete with each other in the financial sector. Driven by these challenges, banks and financial institutions have implemented delivering their services using this channel (Chan&Lu, 2004; Cronon, 1997). Internet banking refers to the use of the Internet as a delivery channel for banking services, which include all traditional services such as balance enquiry, printing statement, fund transfer to other accounts, bill payment, and so on, and new banking services such as electronic bill presentment and payment (Frust, Lang&Nolle, 2000) without visiting to bank branch (Mukherjee&Nath, 2003; Sathye, 1999). Many commercial banks and financial institutions have implemented Internet banking services over the past decade. Compared with traditional over the counter banking, Internet banking does not offer face-to-face contact in what is essentially a one-to-one service relationship with the individual. As a result, Internet banking must deliver higher quality in order to compete. Understanding customer’s expectations and how they feel about their perceived services is becoming a very serious concern. Internet banking continuous success comes from two groups: new customers and repeat customers. Since it always costs more to attract new customers than to retain