Challenges Treating Willie

Xanax is a benzodiazepine that is most often used to treat anxiety. The effects of benzodiazepines mainly come from their ability to alter the movement of the inhibitory transmitter known as GABAa. GABA is triggered to release when it then can bind to the GABAa receptor. The binding of the two causes the ion channel to open and chloride ions are sent across the cell membrane. This causes the inhibitory factor by depolarizing the membrane (Griffin et al., 2013).

There are also medications which exist to treat anxiety, the leading one being benzodiazepines. Other classes of drugs which are also able to treat anxiety and depressive disorders include anti-depressants, anti – convulsants drugs, and also beta blockers. The brain is a network of neurones which signal across synapses. There are two types of neurotransmitters, excitatory (positive) and inhibitory (negative). Benzodiazepines works by enhancing the actions of inhibitory neurotransmitters which exerts an inhibitory effect on neurones and reduces anxiety in this way.

Chronic intake, the delayed onset of action, drug resistance and numerous side effects force the researchers to look for the new, safe antidepressant strategies (1, 2) with rapid onset and longer time of action.

- The uses of medication can help Tina with her anxiety and OCD symotoms. There are medications that help treatment both disorders such as Citalopram (Celexa) and Paroxetina (Paxil). (Halter & Vacarolis,

It is also used to treat normal sleeping patterns and appetite, and for reducing anxiety. It works by modifying the activity of relevant neurotransmitter pathways.Some of the categories of antidepressants, defined in (Queensland state Government, 2018) are :

Another medicine that I found while researching treatments for this disorder is a category of drug by the name of benzodiazepines. Popular drug names associated with benzodiazepines consist of Ativan, Valium, and Xanax. Again, side effects with these drugs can

Depressants are often prescribed to treat anxiety, panic disorders, and insomnia. Drugs in this category include barbiturates like Nembutal and Seconal as well as benzodiazepines like Ativan, Valium, and Xanax. Sleep medications like Ambien, Lunesta, and Sonata are also in this class of drugs. These drugs are often abused because they have a calming and relaxing effect. However, they can also cause confusion, drowsiness, and memory problems. Like opioids, taking too many depressants can also stop a person’s breathing.

This class of medication works by increasing the amount of Serotonin in the brain to help maintain a balance (Preston & et al, 2013).

CBT stresses on the patient learning to view the triggering, or stressful situations from a different, more manageable perspective, and to use learned methods of relief that attempt to change the thoughts and behaviors that involves training the patient to detect internal and external stimuli that trigger anxiety and to apply newly learned coping skills that target the psychic and somatic symptoms of the disorder. The drawbacks to psychological therapy such as CBT stems from not only its limited availability, since few providers are trained in providing this type of mental health treatment, especially in rural areas, as but also from patient participation in the treatment. Psychotherapy is a gradual process which may take weeks to derive benefit. As such, many patients become unmotivated due to lack of immediate relief of symptoms. Pharmacotherapy via medications such as antidepressants or benzodiazepines is much more effective at relieving immediate symptoms with medications that have few adverse effects and a lower potential for abuse, though is not normally adequate at long term management of GAD. Combining psychotherapy and and pharmacotherapy is the ideal for improvement of symptoms and management of patients with GAD.The benzodiazepine antianxiety drugs relieve anxiety but should only be prescribed for 4 to 6 weeks because of the potential for abuse

Pharmacologic treatment include modafinil, ritanserin and armodafinil, that are effective for treating daytime sleepiness due to narcolepsy. Sodium oxybate, trycyclic antidepressants, venlafaxine and reboxetine to treat cataplexy. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine for sleep paralysis and hypnogogic

had not only short-term effects, but have also shown to have potential for a longer-lasting effect

105). The other more recent treatment for generalized anxiety disorder is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).This type of medication became popular due to its ability to regulate serotonin. Also, another reason SSRIs became so popular is because it works for other disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, and agoraphobia in lowering symptoms by as much as 80% in over 50% of people taking the medication (Anxiety Disorders; Treatment).

Doctors also prescribe Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors(SSRI) to individuals suffering from depression, but the same ailment can be treated with amino acid supplements. Some examples of SSRIs are Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft and Celexa. SSRIs increase the amount of serotonin in the synapse by blocking its reabsorption, helping the symptoms of depression improve. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, benzodiazepines lose their therapeutic anti-anxiety effect after 4 to 6 months of regular use. Dr. White, clinical psychologist and a certified neurotherapist, compares antidepressants to a foreign chemical. She is completely against the use of SSRIs because it blocks the reuptake of the serotonin into the neuron. In simple words,

Treatments given to those affected with anxiety are mostly combinations of medications and psychotherapy, as well as natural resources. The medications often prescribed are to help with the physical and psychological issues, some work with the chemicals in the brain, and some work with the muscle tension in the body that is caused by the fight-or-flight reactions. A group of medicines called anxiolytics, or better known as tranquilizers are given to those who suffer from anxiety. The medications prescribed often do their job, but it may take some time to find the proper medication and dosage to fit the individual's needs. The two different kinds of anxiolytics given out to patients are called benzodiazepines or barbiturates. Barbiturates work

There has not been any approved medications for this disorder, the patient may be prescribed medication to treat stemming disorders like ADHD, or anxiety.