Challenges to Vietnam's State Capacity

Speaking about corruption in the international realm was a taboo before the end of the cold war. But the end of the cold war has led to the consolidation of democracy, political stability, and respect for the rule of law, as well as effective development and expansion of open and competitive markets. In the recent years, especially from late 1980’s, the phenomenon of corruption has received a great deal of attention from the international community.

In this essay, I argue that high levels of corruption lead to low levels of investments in the country which further lead to a crippled GDP overtime. Corruption also lead to reduced government fiscal funding by investors (lenders) and may result in increased taxes which may result in country instability overtime.

In his book titled “The Vietnam War: A Concise International History,” Mark Lawrence suggests that the United States’ Cold War foreign policy began to play a main portion in Vietnam. U.S. policy at the time was controlled by the domino theory. Which believed that the collapse of North Vietnam to Communism might cause all of Southeast Asia to descent, setting off a type of Communist chain reaction. The reason is that philosophy played a lashing force in policymaking, shows the notion that Vietnam had more to do with the global context of the cold war than it did the country itself. Losing a country of Vietnam to communist rulers in military totalitarianism was an example of failure to the US. Therefore, it was essential for the US to quickly respond in Vietnam’s

Corruption can take many forms and can be found in many countries, but mainly in the emerging ones. The main form of corruption is the bribery in the form of payments demanded by the government or ministry officials in exchange for a favor (granting a service, awarding a business).Corruption affects all the businesses that interfere with the government, but studies have shown that certain industries are more exposed to it. These industries are construction, airline manufacturing, power plants, and oil and gas production.

The US had been providing military aid, equipment and training to South Vietnam since 1954, this not increased South Vietnam’s skill but also helped them grow in numbers. Helicopters, armed personal carriers and thousands of military

After about thirty years of fighting in the Vietnam War, the country was finally united again but under communist ruling subsequent to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. The country was later on declared a communist country on July 2, 1976. When the war ended, it caused many issues with the Vietnamese citizens and society. Homes, villages, towns, and the life they knew was completely different and in ruins. “I was about twelve when the war ended. My parents were saving money to move to America and in 1982 we moved. My whole life was changed.”(Nguyen.) Many Vietnamese citizens became refugees and fled the country to get away from all the tension and harm that

Vietnam as a whole faced many troubles. Such as the North Vietnam aiding rebels who opposed to the government of South Vietnam; which fought the rebels with U.S. aid and advisory personnel. The number of U.S. forces in South Vietnam had reached more than 543,000 troops. Vietnamese nationalist and Communist, and his Vietminh (Revolutionary League for the Independence of Vietnam) declared Vietnam to be independent. But France was determined to reclaim its former colonial possessions in Indochina. In 1946, war broke out between France and the Vietminh. It finally ended in 1954, following the conquest of the French garrison of Dien Bien Phu by Viet Minh forces in May. In July, the two sides signed peace agreements in Geneva,

Vietnam today is one of the top countries, corruption in Asia. The corruption systems in Vietnam started from inside the high ranking of government in Hanoi, and to local officials.

Vietnam is divided into two distinct zones which are a communist party (North Vietnam) and a democratic party (South Vietnam). Shortly after the cold war had broke out between both parties and their differences. Throughout the war, The united states became involved and sent troops to guide the south, since we supported their political view. Even though the south side fell to north vietnam, which caused a majority of people from vietnam to migrate away from this country. Due to the political differences, poverty and the continuation of the war, also led those to leave vietnam. After all the noth overpowered the south and those who tried to escape the situation they were involved in and leave vietnam from the south were directed to oversea camps, dealing with the torture they were put through and were learning about the new government that

The negative economic impacts of corruption have grown rapidly, and major international organizations have claimed that corruption hinders economic growth (world bank 2006). Although there are claims that corruption is harmful to economic growth, economists have not really agreed with the argument from a theoretical point of view. Theoretical studies suggest that corruption may counteract government failure and promote economic growth in the short run, given externally determined suboptimal bureaucratic rules and regulations. As government failure is itself a function of corruption, however, corruption should have

Analysis: State and Revolution in Vietnam (Preface - too long, draw on specific points from 20s to US involvement)

Vietnam is communist state, a government ruled by a dominant party system. Over the last decade, Vietnam has shown remarkable growth since they have adapted the modernization theory. Vietnam has a spectacular progress in their growth domestic product (GDP), with a GDP of 49.42 billion in U.S dollars in 2005 to a GDP of 171.39 billion in U.S dollars in 2014.They have also achieve a high poverty reduction, from a poverty headcount of nearly 60 percent to 20.7 percent in the past 20 years. Vietnam has become more industrialized, Vietnam’s agricultural shares of economic output has shrink from 25% in the year 2000 to less than 20% in 2013, while industry’s share increased from 36% to more than 42% in the same period. Today, Vietnam is considered to be one of the leading exporters in Southeast Asia. With the top ten exports commodities that include electrical machinery, oil and mineral fuels, footwear, apparel: non knit, apparel: knit, industrial machinery, seafood, coffee and spices, furniture and cereals.

It seems more difficult to change the regime. This is the source of corruption. When one class of society strives to better themselves and succeed in doing so, it causes corruption.

What is corruption? Webster Dictionary says it is dishonest or illegal behavior especially by powerful people (such as government officials or police officers) generally for personal gain. Corruption has expanded more than ever in today's age with the development of the internet, and weak company systems and avaricious businessman. It is not only performed by just government officials but also the CEO, CFO of a company, a team leader in a workplace, the administrators of schools or hospitals, or even family members taking advantage of unfamiliar or uncapable members of their family. Corruption has been apart of mankind for the longest amount of time, going back to ancient 17th century France. Baron de Montesquieu said it best “The corruption of every government begins nearly always with that of principles”.

Corruption is a complex political, social, and economic anomaly that negatively affects developing and developed countries. It weakens democratic institutions, holds economic development, widening the rich-poor gap and certainly leads to governmental instability. The World Bank definition of corruption states that “…the abuse of public office for private gain”.