Changes For Standard Operating Procedure Essay

The selected policy Essence of Care 2010: Benchmarks for the Prevention and Management of Pain, includes the latest benchmarks on the management of pain and its prevention. It presents up to date reviewed views, with the aim to deliver

Pain is a condition that is determined and described by the person reporting it. There are several components to pain including the emotional, psychological, and physical aspects. Many health professionals struggle to understand this phenomenon and thereby insert their own perspectives into the pain assessment of patient reporting pain. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) (2010), also titled the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act H.R. 3590, was passed by Congress and signed into law on March 23, 2010 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 2013). Hospital value based purchasing programs (VBP) were developed to align patient quality care and outcomes to the support initiatives from the ACA. A component of the VBP includes patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is a self-reported response to questionnaire administered by a third party. Many hospitals utilize Press Ganey to administer the survey for the inpatient and outpatient patients. One component the survey includes patient’s self-reporting how well their pain was managed during their hospitalization. This measure of satisfaction can have an adverse effect on patient outcomes and increase opioid use in this setting. Patient satisfaction and pain management are both subjective however pain management while within scope of healthcare professionals should not be included in the patient satisfaction survey.

Recognizing that the prevention of chronic disease and promoting population health is the key to controlling health care expenditure, the inclusion of pain management is a positive aspect of the legislation. While chronic pain is not in the top leading chronic diseases, the cost to the health care system is higher than heart disease and diabetes combined.2 This paper will discuss Title IV - Prevention of Chronic Disease and Improving Public Health. Subsection D - Support for Prevention and Public Health Innovation of the PPACA, including the funding of the United States Department of Health and Humans Services (HHS) for research in public health services and the examination of best prevention practices. One focus of this part of this provision is research and evaluation of pain management, the assessment, and treatment standards through an Institute of Medicine Conference on Pain Care.3

Furthermore, the cost of the current practice accounts for a substantial portion of the inpatient health-care expenses that can be reduced if cost-saving actions are put into place (Sathiyakumar et al 2014; Okike et al 2014; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 2013]. The PSH model attempts to correct the current standard of care by focusing on three tenets: 1) improve clinical outcomes through standardized best practices, 2) increase patient-centeredness and experience 3) decrease the perioperative costs (Garson et al 2014; Prielipp et al 2015; Kain et al 2015; Kain et al 2014; Vetter et al 2013). There have been previous initiatives to improve perioperative care and reduce costs, but most have focused on reducing the patient’s length of stay (LOS) (Eskicioglu et al 2009). For example, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs utilize standardized perioperative care in order to accelerate recovery and reduce complication rates (Eskicioglu et al 2009). Although the ERAS programs have shown increased cost-effectiveness and reduced complications rates when compared to the traditional perioperative setting, there still is a need to provide a better continuity of care across the perioperative timeline (Eskicioglu et al 2009; Leee et al 2014). The PSH has been

The management of postoperative pain has received much interest nowadays. The intensity of postoperative pain depends on many factors such as type and duration of the surgery, type of anesthesia and analgesia used, and the patient’s mental and emotional status (11).

In conclusion pain management is an important impact on patient practice as well as education and knowledge. Although the study did prove to have been beneficial I found the results to be inconclusive as they were generally biased according to the perception of the patient on the individually nurses’ influence and actions toward the management of pain. Every nurse in each generation can learn the same information and the same execution it is what the nurse chooses to apply of his or her own attitude that will determine how the patients will perceive their care and this is with any study being performed on the nursing practice with patient.

Pain is subjective and identifying pain objectively is very complex. It can influence the patient’s behavior and can negatively affect the patient’s heart rate and blood pressure. When caring for these individuals and attempting to control their pain,

The subjective human response to acute pain is a response that is most often self-reported and is dependently measured on a pain scale by health care providers. The phenomenon of pain is that it sometimes is difficult to manage without the perplexities of the typical opioid analgesic side effects. More than often, these accompanying side effects Hoffman et al. (2011) state the inclusion of sedation, constipation, nausea, and cognitive disorientation. In addition, repeated use of opioid analgesics gradually decline in effectiveness without dosage adjustments and can lead to a state of tolerance with ultimately a reliance of opioid dependency (Hoffman, et al. 2011). Non-opioid analgesics may compliment opioid analgesics, however, the

Effective pain control is a key component when caring for a patient in the acute care setting. Knowing the patients pain level and if they are experiencing pain you must have them describe it. This is to ensure that it will be treated appropriately. Although, there are many interventions that can take place including pharmaceutical and alternative non-pharmaceutical measures. There are several barriers that can get in the way of the patient receiving the correct care for their pain. These barriers can be related to the health care system, the providing professional of the patients, their families or community.

“Many older persons (≥60 years of age) develop chronic illnesses that may be associated with persistent pain [1-4]. The inadequate treatment of persistent pain in older persons is associated with numerous adverse outcomes such as functional impairment, accidental falls (with or without injury), slow rehabilitation, decreased socialization, greater health care costs, and greater resource utilization. From 2010–2050, the US population of persons aged ≥65 years is projected to double. In the US, it is estimated that ∼100 million people have chronic pain. In comparison, current estimates of Americans affected with other common diseases are 29.1 million and 14 million for diabetes mellitus and cancer, respectively. However, some treatments

Quality pain management is an ongoing, interdisciplinary process that encompasses clinically important outcomes in postoperative patients in both early and long-term recovery, however, quality is compromised because pain it is suggested that pain is vastly under-treated in the postoperative setting (329). Nurses routinely perform comprehensive pain assessments, pain screenings, patient response to treatment, and develop plans of care that include the patient and their families with the ultimate goal of decreasing healing time, avoiding of adverse effects, and increasing satisfaction with the care received (329). While these goals are admirable, they are increasingly difficult to achieve because pain assessment is ambiguous and dependent on

RNAO BPG on “Assessment and Management of Pain” recommended specific new ideas that allow better assessment and pain management in older adult. In particular “collaborating with the person to identify their goals for pain management and suitable strategies to ensure a comprehensive approach to the plan of care” allows for active involvement of patients and their families to participate in decision-making for treatments. This collaboration also clarifies and reveals patient pain history, knowledge, belief and presence of negative belief that may hinder in getting appropriate treatment. Furthermore it provides platform for patient teaching and treatment options when goals seem unrealistic. Pain assessment is critical step to manage pain. Pain as sensory event is highly subjective and can vary substantially from one individual to the next. Literature has revealed certain key concern such as “fear of addiction”, “adverse effects’. ‘Fatalism’ and ‘drug tolerance” etc. that can prevent a patient from getting adequate pain medication (RNAO, 2015). But it is equally important that undertreated pain can have many negative consequences.

In today’s health care a major problem is the management of pain after surgical procedures. The purpose of this paper is to improve the quality of pain management for post-operative patients by integrating more non-pharmacological and holistic techniques. Gélinas, Arbour, Michaud, Robar, and Côté described non-pharmacological interventions as interventions that do not involve the use of medications to relieve pain (2013). Pain is a subjective experience. Gélinas et al. found that pain often goes undertreated in patients which can contribute to physical, emotional, and psychological distress (2013). This distress increases anxiety and can interfere with the healing process. Pain is often worsened by anxiety and fear (Comeaux & Steele-Moses, 2013). Therefore, reducing anxiety can also aid in reducing pain. The most often used intervention for pain management is the use of drug therapy. However, drug therapy alone is not effective. For example, on the South 3 West unit of Holyoke Medical Center patients still report pain levels of 9 and 10 on the numerical pain scale even after receiving pain medication. There are also risks to relying solely on drug therapy. Prolonged use of analgesics can cause harmful side effects to the patient, such as decreased respiratory rate. Non-pharmacological interventions could decrease the need for medications. Adding non-pharmacological interventions to pain therapy is effective and reliable because the interventions are safe and relatively

Mr. B is experiencing several types of pain during the postoperative period. He is experiencing acute pain from the healing process of his surgery. This is from tissue damage from the surgical procedure. Although the reported pain level is ten on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) score is seven. Mr. B may also be experiencing chronic pain prior from the surgery. The date noted from onset of pain is unknown in the case study but he has a history of degenerative disk disease could be a cause of chronic pain.

For patients, there are many safe options to help with pain and the process of healing. Users can choose between a number of pain therapy options that fits their needs. When choosing an item to help with pain management, users should consider these things...