Changes In Terrorism In The UK

Another group, the IRA, the Irish Republican Army use assassinations and guerilla warfare tactics to cause terrorism.

The use of terrorism started in 1795 relating to the reign of terror leaded by the French Government. The reason people become terrorist is because they see it as their only choice or is a sign for defending their religion. “The personal pathway model suggests that terrorists came from a selected, at risk population, who have suffered from early damage to their self-esteem,” (psychologist Eric D. Shaw). This explains how young adults are becoming terrorist to find themselves, also because they are not happy with who they are. Terrorist technology has changed over the course.

This article by Isabelle Duyvesteyn starts off by summarising the objectives that challenge the perspective of terrorism since the last decade of the twentieth century is fundamentally new. In this article certain questions have been debated regarding new aspects of terrorism and they are: “transnational nature of the perpetrators and their organizations, their religious inspiration, fanaticism, use of weapons of mass destruction and their indiscriminate targeting.” ("How New Is the New Terrorism?", 2017)In order to understand the depth of aspects of new terrorism the article talks about “national and territorial focus of the new terrorists, their political motivations, use of conventional weaponry and the symbolic targeting that is aimed in order to achieve a surprising effect.” ("How New Is the New Terrorism?", 2017)

“Terrorism's particularly heinous but highly attractive means to achieve political objectives or even radically restructure political foundations is manifest within societies in all reaches of the world. While the practical application of terrorist methodologies comes across as a relatively straightforward craft, the conceptual and ideological understanding, and subsequent evaluation of its socio-political influence, implementation, and psychological impacts present difficult questions, and in some cases conceivably insurmountable obstacles” (Romaniuk 2014, para

The second Part of Jonathan R. White’s ninth edition Terrorism and Homeland Security deals with the national and ethnic movements of international terrorism, their emergence as well as well as motifs. Ideological terrorist and ethnic separatists are hard to differentiate since they use the same procedures and tactics to get their demands. Although both fall under the definition of terrorism, there is a difference in the definition of their goals and demands. While separatists have defined, achievable goal, religious terrorists have a nihilistic ideology that are from a rational point of view not feasible. Therefore, it is impossible for satisfactorily negotiation

IRA and Just War theory From 1969 until 1997, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) was engaged in warfare against both British forces in Northern Ireland and the Irish who remained loyal to them. Known for their extremist tactics and labeled as terrorists, the IRA used shootouts, bombings and assassinations in Northern Ireland and in Britain as a means to resist the British occupation of Ireland. While inflicting violence, the IRA killed both soldiers actively in battle, but they also killed many civilians. Although the IRA took great strides to decrease civilian casualties, the extent to which it actually cared was questionable. This paper will focus on specific IRA attacks and whether they uphold the Just War principles.

In previous decades, lone wolf attacks were considered to be some the rarest acts of terrorism. However, in recent years this phenomenon has emerged as the new face of terrorism. The increase in lone wolf attacks has damaged relationships between Muslim and non-Muslim communities on a global scale. After a series of attacks in United States, Islamophopia has become more prevalent and acceptable in society. In the article, The 2016 ‘Lone Wolf’ Tusnami – is Rapoport’s ‘Religious Wave’ Ending, author Martin J. Gallagher outlines the various waves of terrorism in a study conducted by David Rapoport. Dating back to the late 1880’s the theory of the lone wolf was developed. The article outlines the various factors that contribute to the rise in lone wolf terrorist. Gallagher suggests that lone wolves are indirectly linked to terrorist groups and may be motivated by it” (Gallagher, 2017). The indirect link Gallagher highlights to in his article refers to a symbiotic relationship extremist sympathizers may develop with terrorist groups. For example, an individual that identifies with or have been exposed to ISIS propaganda is at risk of becoming radicalized. In addition to exposure to propaganda, many other factors contribute to the rise in lone wolf terrorism.

Terrorism is a difficult issue to understand and grasp for many people. What is even more difficult to understand is what drives an individual to become radicalized to the point of joining a terrorist organization and committing terrorist acts. While there is not specific criteria or a “cookie cutter” approach to understanding what motivates and radicalizes an individual to participate in such atrocities, there are however, several psychological and behavioral factors that have been common among these individuals. The following paper will outline some of the psychological and behavioral factors that attribute to an individual’s radicalization and eventual willingness and even perhaps

In the article “Profile of a Terrorist” by Cindy Combs, the author maps out and discusses the different causes of terrorism committed by people. Understanding and determining what drives people to terrorism is no easy task. Why do people choose to commit acts of terrorism? Why do people choose to become rebellious and wreak havoc on so many innocent civilians? Combs discusses the different types of terrorists as suggested by Frederick Hacker who was a Vienna-born psychiatrist and psychoanalyst and expert on aggression and terrorism.

There are many psychological and behavioral factors that may contribute to someone becoming a homegrown terrorist. Some of these factors include uncertainty toward or disappointment in parental figures, prolonged youth identity searching with the crises that accompany it, and possible issues toward women, intimacy, marriage, (Olsson 2013). Other factors also include issues with authority such as fearing or hating authority while longing for effective authority (Olsson 2013).

One can scarcely turn on the television, or the radio, or open up a web browser without the mention of Islamic terrorism or unrest around the world. Though the United States and the rest of the world may not be engaged in a protracted religious war, for radical Muslim fundamentalist they are. Bernard Lewis brings to light possible reasons for the issues facing the world dealing with Islamic terrorism. The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror explains these issues in historical context as well as how some of the actions professed in the name of Islam and claim to

There has also been long time assumption among professionals and average citizens that terrorists are ‘mentally ill’ individuals. However, there is yet again no evidence that supports that theory. As a matter of fact, there is countless examples in history that counters that said theory of being ‘mentally ill’ and this article provides those examples; as well as, providing the avenue in which an individual can and has been radicalized. Moreover, this article articulates and lays out a method in which could be used to counter the radicalization

In the 20th century, terrorism continued to be associated with a vast array of anarchist, socialist, fascist and nationalist groups, many of them engaged in ‘third world’

The history of terrorism can be traced back as far as the French revolution. Some of these acts of terrorism only seem as distant reminders of our past, but at the same time, are not a far cry from today’s brutal acts; and although these acts seem distant, it doesn’t also mean they are no longer in the thoughts of individuals in today’s time.

Historically it is a common trend to associate some kind of ideology to radicalization. For example, in the 50’s and 60’s nationalism was associated with the freedom fighters liberating their lands from the colonizers and in the 80’s anti-communism was popular to describe all the rebels fighting against Russia. Currently, similar pattern is also seen where ‘Islamism’ is directly associated with violent radicalization. However, the research participants unanimously rejected such a notion rather they asserted that socio-political situation creates condition of violent radicalism especially when people find no proper venues to channel their political or social grievances (whatever trifling these may be). More importantly, although Islam is a monolithic religion with a fixed set of doctrine, yet we often overlook how Islam was transformed to suite people’s aspirations worldwide and as a result vast majority of Muslims are neither Arabs (where the religion first flourished) nor middle eastern rather they are Asians and Africans. Moreover, Islam has no central religious authority like papacy from where religious, political or social statutes can be canonized as such Islam is understood and felt much through its practitioners’ conducts. Nevertheless, common to other Abrahamic faiths, there are rooms for narrower and broader interpretations of the Holy Texts in Islam. Conversely, the recent converts to Islam, second and third generation Muslim youths and even lay Muslims living in