Changes in Algerian Foreign Policy Under Bouteflika's Leadership

Algeria is located in North Africa, bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, the east by Libya the west by Morocco. The north land of Algeria is mountainous and very fertile, while the south is integrated with parts of the Sahara desert. The desert makes up more than 80% of Algeria. Algeria is 919,590 square miles making it the second largest country on the African Continent and the tenth largest country in the world. Culture is comprised of many different elements. Algeria is rich in culture and has a long history of events that have helped develop the traditions and culture that they now have today. In this essay, I will cover the ethnic groups that make up Algeria, languages spoken, religion, family, greetings, food, gender roles and marriage. All of these factor into Algeria’s cultural identity and affect the daily life’s of the Algerian people.

with the first founder text of the Algerian nation being used as the goal of the fight for

Following the United Nations (UN) supported declaration of independence in 1951, the United States (U.S.) established diplomatic relations with Libya. Due to Libya being an active member of the international community, the U.S. has strategic interests in a stable Libya and to continue indorsing support for a free, democratic Libya (Libya, n.d.). Furthermore, building democratic institutions, protecting the universal rights of all Libyans, promoting accountable and honest government, rebuilding its economy, and establishing security throughout the country are challenges Libya faces. The following paper will discuss Libya in relation to the U.S.’s involvement and continued significance to regional security and U.S. national security (Affairs, 2013). The U.S. has focused on supporting capacity building efforts within Libya’s government institutions, developing civil society and facilitating free and fair elections since the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011 (Libya, n.d.). Instability in Libya would significantly affect the world’s U.S. based major oil companies invested and operating within Libya. Furthermore, the U.S. has a trade and investment framework agreement with Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, of which Libya is a member to consider if sanctions are once more placed upon Libya (Libya, n.d.). To counter this instability, the U.S. coordinates projects with the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL). U.S. targeted assistance to Libya

make a compelling case for the expression of the Algerian government’s role in the persistence of the conflict.

There are several countries which are located within the Combined Joint Task Force- Horn of Africa AOR. This paper will discuss the cultural influence of the Republic of Djibouti as well as its influence on bordering countries within its region. Additionally, this paper will portray Djibouti’s global significance and its effect on United States interest within the AOR. Historically, Djibouti’s strategic location and status as a free trade zone within the Horn of Africa has played a major role in this country’s importance throughout the globe. Hence, Djibouti maintains relationships with numerous countries and to date openly welcomes negotiations with other countries that can contribute to the country’s economic development. Continued

In 1957, French Forces were able to militarily defeat and temporarily subdue FLN. However, to the surprise of the whole world, French President Charles De Gaulle opted for a political solution and announced independence for the Algerians in 1962. To what extent did the activities of FLN influence De Gaulle and what other factors can be identified which led to his surprising decision to grant independence to Algeria?

The United States counterterrorism strategy has emphasized several areas of focus around the globe. This paper will focus on the East Africa region and the associated terrorist threat. Furthermore, the author will discuss a constructivism approach to stabilizing the region. In doing so, the appropriate use of the Instruments of Power will be addresses. Specifically, the U.S government must rely on diplomatic relations on land while using military might at sea and in the air. Sticking to the United States’ core values, transparency will permeate every action in the region. Not only is it important for the American people to view the actions of their government, it is more important for the people of a failed state to witness the good

There are so many examples but this Essay focuses on the movie Battle of Algiers and how it depicts the violence of colonialism in Algeria by France and the price Algerians had to pay to regain what was previously

However, the 1950s presented a great amount of struggle for Algeria as they fought the French government for this independence, after being treated like second class citizens. This introduced a great rivalry

For France, there has been some huge changes caused by the Algerian war. First of all, the most obvious reason is that they lost Algeria. This was bad for France, mainly because of the Sahara that was full of oil, which was and is the most valuable resource to any developed modern country. Second of all, the Algerian Revolution marked an end to the 4th republic of France, and the start of the 5th republic. The 4th republic did help straighten France economically and financially, but its ministarial instability did not survive the Algerian war. This is why the president Charles de Gaulle created a new constitution. Third of all, after the war, not only did the French people and soldiers come back to France, but so did thousands of Algerians,

The Algerian War is an ongoing war being fought between the state of France and Algerian independence movements.

The former Libyan dictator Muammar Qaddafi was no saint, but he served an important function in North Africa: keeping a lid on Islamic extremism. As a pan-Arabist and Nasserite, Qaddafi was wary of, and quickly muzzled any Islamist groups that mixed religion with politics. He also kept many of the neighboring economies afloat by direct investments and employment in Libya’s oil fields. After a NATO-backed revolt in 2011 upended Qaddafi and later took his life, the Sahel region he effectively policed has slid into militant chaos.

would lead to a loss of their privileges. During my PhD studies, I also conducted a project on

The United States and Maghrebia have spent the majority of the past on good terms and thus would not normally have a reason for conflict. However Maghrebia’s domestic institutions have crumbled and they have presented a threat of nuclear weapons development. Because of this, the best course of action for the United States to take is to invade Maghrebia and restore it to its former democratic state. In the words of Kenneth Waltz “the state amongst states, conducts its affairs in the shadow of violence. Because some states may use force at any time, all must be prepared to do”

Algeria was not always been independent and has been a part of several border and authority changes. Since its independency, Algeria has struggled to define its cultural identity. Several strategies have been employed to gain ground on its identity, such as promoting a policy of Arabization, loosening up the economy, and opening their political sphere. “Today the Algerian government seeks not only to sustain the recent ebb in violence and insecurity but also to promote greater unity within the country” (Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center, 2011).