Changes in Latin America and East Asia during 1450 - Present Period

Advances in technology included farming techniques, written alphabet, weapon and firearm capabilities, and building techniques took place. Religion was also brought from Afro Eurasia into the Americas for the first time. There was also a huge exchange of plant life, which both sides were impacted by. Naturally this included crops grown for food. This had a large impact on the availability of certain products in both Afro Eurasia and the Americas. It also changed some of the cuisine, having an affect on popular foods and just simply what was available in certain areas. Not only was it plant life having a profound effect on the foods people ate, but also animals. There were a large number of animals that were new to both sides of the Exchange. Some of these animals could be raised on a ranch for their meat like, pigs, cattle, chickens, sheep, and goats. Others to be ridden for transportation, work or just as companions like horses and dogs.

One of the most interesting questions to ponder: is can a link be drawn directly to show the causation of why and when countries adopted customs or habits that are now fundamental in the present day. With secondary sources, these correlations can be shown and provide statistics as proof, based upon analysis of important primary sources. The journal article The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food and Ideas is a secondary source detailing what occurred in the years after the voyage of Columbus and how both the New World and the Old World were affected during this period of colonization. An interesting perspective was given in this paper, unlike many others that describe the same topic, in which the authors chose to focus on how the Old World was affected more so than what transpired in the areas being colonized. There was an extravagant biological exchange of both crops and disease, which provided serious lifestyle changes for both Europeans and the native people of the Americas, and there were also consequences elsewhere in the world associated with the Columbus exchange in the years after its commencement. Secondary sources are also very important to historians and this is a source that is very well written, backed up by diagrams and detailed evidence found in primary sources.

The changes that took place regarding trade between 300-1450 impact other parts of history. One effect of the occurrence of trade in this region was the

In the new world, Europeans encountered indigenous plant foods cultivated by Native Americas. These plants were potatoes, beans, corn, tobacco, and cocoa. The potato is especially important because it’s known for one of the main foods for Ireland. The European’s influenced oats and barley etc. Domesticated animals as pigs, chickens, sheep, and ox were also brought to the Americas. Horses were also brought to the new world which was a new tool for hunting and used for military.

CCOT ESSAY: Analyze continuities and changes in the ways ONE of the following regions participated in interregional trade during the period circa 1500 to 1750.

1853- Vaccination for smallpox was made compulsory and started by Edward Jenner; this was because a great amount of people were getting ill and dying from it.

The reason being, that the Natives did not have the immunity to these diseases because they were essentially cut off from the rest of the world. Diseases such as smallpox, measles, mumps, and influenza were brought to the New World. Since the Indians have never been exposed to these diseases they were all virtually dying from it. Ninety percent of the Indians population would be lost due to these diseases. As the Indian population decreased, the eldest of their tribes would die taking with them information about the gods and their ancestors. Considering the fact that most of the Indian population died, it was easier for the conquistadores to take land from these

The positive effect of European exploration was the trade of resources. The Colombian exchange was the transfer of animals, plants, and ideas between the New World and the Old World in the 15th and 16th century. The Columbia exchange brought domestic animals to the New World like horses and cows, while the Old World got animals such as turkeys and llamas (Document F). Crops were also transferred between the two

During the 1450’s to 1750’s the Americas were evolving at a constant rate. The slave trade and the use trade such as the triangular trade were very common during this time-period due to the rise in plantations, causing a diverse region in South America. In addition, forced labor was an important constant throughout the region and was controlled by Spanish and the Inca’s which also allowed for a mixture of culture and ethnicities.

Camels were significant to trade in Afro-Eurasia, and many technologies surrounded them to make trade even more efficient. The practice of caravanseri and the use of saddles helped achieve these goals. Maritime trade was also less difficult with the creations of the astrolabe and compass as well as new additions to large ships.

When more of the Colonist started to migrate to this “New world” they brought over things that were helpful such as horses, along with the good things colonist brought over they also brought diseases. In a way the colonist was the cause of

Horses revolutionized the art of hunting, making it easier for Indians to catch bigger and faster prey. On the contrary, the five pigs had a huge negative effect on the Indians, because they quickly multiplied and began eating their agricultural produce making them a huge hassle that had to be dealt with right away. The biggest negative effect that arose from the exchange was the transfer of Old World diseases to the New World. Europeans brought smallpox, measles, and whooping cough, which the Native Americans had little immunity to. Disease became a huge demographic catastrophe in the Americas because it was spreading easily through trade routes, so no actual contact was needed. The Europeans received no deadly diseases in return because of their greater population density living close together in cities. They lived among animals, and pathogens passed between them making diseases more developed, stronger, and deadlier. Native Americans did not live close together, so they had no population density and the only animals they associated with were dogs, who did not pass many diseases. The exchange of peoples began when the Spanish’s crops were flourishing and they looked at the Native Americans as slaves to work their fields, but the Natives were all dying so the Spanish looked for another source of work labor. On the African coast there were traditions of slave labor, so the Spanish traveled to Africa and purchased many Africans as slaves to take to the Americas as

reason for this change was because of the exchange of new foods and diseases between the New World

Extreme blood mixing was going on. Between the Europeans, the natives, and Africans brought in to replace the dead natives, new races were popping up in Latin America. Right then the population in Latin America was undergoing vast changes.

Mandatory vaccination continues to be a contentious subject in the United States, even though extensive evidence proves inoculation prevents certain diseases. According to A. Plotkin & L. Plotkin (2011), the evolution of the first vaccine commenced in the 1700’s when a physician named Edwards Jenner discovered that cowpox protected individuals from one of the deadliest diseases termed smallpox. The precise virus Jenner used is unclear; however, it was espoused in the extermination of smallpox worldwide. The researchers further explained, the unearthing of the subsequent vaccine known as chicken cholera occurred approximately 80 years later by Louise Pasteur. Ever since, copious vaccines such as rabies, yellow fever, varicella, pneumococcal, mumps and recently HPV have been introduced.