Chapter 10 Biology Assignment

Identification of Unknown Organisms Benjamin Nibarger Professor Hoffman Monday 11:15 AM Group Members - Jamie Jerome, Natalie Perez, Ruth Pinzon September 27, 2014 Introduction The purpose of this study is to identify four unknown organisms. The unknown organisms have been assigned randomly to six-research groups by Professor Hoffman. Each research group was provided two eukaryotes and two prokaryotes. The unknown organisms will fall into the following classifications: bacteria, algae, fungi, or protozoans. All living organisms are organized into one of three domains of life, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

4. What is the role of phagocytic leukocytes? the role of phagocytic 17. Define active immunity. This is immunity in an organism that’s a result from the production of antibodies or lymphocytes after an antigen is identified in the body.

Assignment 3 Prior to the development of DNA technology and the sequencing of organismal genomes, Charles Darwin suggested that the “tree” of life can be traced back to a single root (Koonin and Wolf, 2012). While Darwin’s theory was primitive, it laid the groundwork for the phylogenetic trees that are currently studied in science classrooms around the world. The three-domain tree, containing Eukarya, Archea, and Bacteria, soon became too simplistic due to the realization that some bacteria possessed the ability to exchange genetic information by horizontal gene transfer (Koonin and Wolf, 2012).

1. These are the people trusted with the faith of humanity. 2. Dolphins in captivity become more death. 3. In the fourteenth century there were many people dying of the black plaque. 4. Atheists believe that everything was created by science. 5. A important part of my life have been the people who stood by me. 6. The two best things about the party was the food and the music. 7. The boys snuck home late that night. Then waited for the consequences. 8. In case you haven’t notice my real name doesn’t appear in the article. 9. Its so nice of you to have thought of me. 10. Its blue hue was very pretty. 11. When Jonathan finally found his dog, he was so happy. 12. She excepted his offer to drive him home. 13. The woman never went into the city, He wants to get a degree in engineering or medicine. 15. He wanted to learn more about careers in programming, engineering, biochemist, and research scientist. 16. My sisters and I love to go shopping, we then have lunch together when we’re done

1. An individual that plays only part of its role because of competition or other types of species interactions is said to display a realized niche. Species over time divide the resources they commonly use by specializing in different ways.

7-8 Study Hall Daywitt, Jean A126 08:15 AM - 08:59 AM 7-8 Study Hall Daywitt, Jean A126 08:15 AM - 08:59 AM 7-8 Study Hall Daywitt, Jean A126 08:15 AM - 08:59 AM 7-8 Study Hall Daywitt, Jean A126 08:15 AM - 08:59 AM 09:00 AM 7 MUSIC Matchey, Gideon C126 09:02 AM - 09:46 AM 7 MUSIC Matchey, Gideon C126 09:02 AM - 09:46 AM 7 MUSIC

1. An understanding of chemistry is important for an understanding of biology because biology needs the models of chemistry to better describe life.

AP Biology summer Reading Chapter 1 1. The author chose to focus on 375 million year old rock because the transition from fins to necks and limbs occurred then. The scientists knew that any time later than this and they would find lots of animals with limbs. But if they searched earlier than this time then there are only fish without necks. When the fish were evolving they evolved necks before they evolved limbs so this was a good sign in chronology. Sedimentary rocks are the best types of rocks for fossil due to their gradual pressure and low amounts of heat. Sedimentary rock is also found in lake beds and streams, where fish and aquatic wildlife are most likely to live.

Biology 102 introduces students to the concept of evolution, the principles of evolution, natural selection, and major kingdoms of living things organisms. My major is nursing and taking this course is a prerequisite and is required for my major. Taking Biology courses will help me be better knowledgeable in my chosen field. I took biology 101 last semester and we learned about cell and organisms. These are fundamentals things that someone who plans to have a career in the healthcare field needs to know. Also these courses are prerequisites for other science courses I have to take such as microbiology, human anatomy and physiology. As a future nurse these are information that will come in handy everyday. I have three years left in my undergraduate study and more

3. Consuming too many carbs can lead to low other nutrient intake, excess energy, dental carries, weight gain and hyperglycemia.

Chapter 5 1) Water molecule is formed with 2 hydrogens and one oxygen atom. Water molecule is a polar molecule because both the opposite side of the molecule have opposite charges. And also, atoms are linked by covalent bonds.

For my AP biology summer assignment, I chose to do “Decaying Foods”. In my project, I used a slice of whole wheat bread and an apple slice. Throughout the fourteen days, I made observations on the plates every two hours beginning at 10:45 AM. On Day One, Plate A was in the refrigerator, Plate B was in the closet, and Plate C was on the windowsill, all starting out fresh. As the day progressed, objects on Plate A remained in their natural state, on Plate B the crusts of the bread became hard, and the apple slice was brown and dried out , and the apple slice had become hard and the bread felt toasted on Plate C. On Day Two, Plate A remained the same, Plate B had hard bread and the apple slice was wilting in the core and Plate C’s bread was cracking

1. Prokaryote cells - bacteria and archeans. They are single celled organisms, where the DNA is not separate from the cytoplasm. These prokaryote cells formed the earliest and most primitive life on earth.

When life arose on Earth about 4 billion years ago, the first types of cells to evolve were prokaryotic cells. For approximately 2 billion years, prokaryotic-type cells were the only form of life on Earth. The oldest known sedimentary rocks found in Greenland are about 3.8 billion years old. The oldest known fossils are prokaryotic cells, 3.5 billion years in age, found in Western Australia and South Africa. The nature of these fossils, and the chemical composition of the rocks in which they are found, indicates that these first cells made use of simple chemical reactions to produce energy for their metabolism and growth. Eukaryotic cells evolved into being between 1.5 and 2 billion years ago. Eukaryotic cells appear to have arisen from prokaryotic cells, specifically out of the archaea. Indeed, there are many similarities in molecular biology of contemporary archaea and eukaryotes. However, the origin of the eukaryotic organelles, specifically chloroplasts and mitochondria, is explained by evolutionary associations between primitive nucleated cells and certain respiratory and photosynthetic bacteria, which led to the development of these organelles and the associated explosion of eukaryotic diversity. Today Prokaryotes

The Evolution of Animals Eukaryotes come in two grades of organization: single-celled (protists) and multicellular (plants, animals, and fungi). The world today is full of complex multicellular plants and animals: how, why, and when did they evolve from protists?