Chapter 23 Summary

In this book, Jeffrey Ogbar talks about the beginning of rap, where it started, some of the artists of this genre and some of the controversial topics the artists rap about. He also talks about the usage of the N word as well as men calling women the B word. In the first chapter of the book, Ogbar contextualizes the debate by talking about the history of the minstrel figure in American popular culture, relying mainly on the work of W. T. Lhamon and Patricia Hill Collins. He talks about how the earliest manifestations of hip-hop music in the 1970s came from the Black Power movement and often included direct rejections of minstrel tropes for example in the artist KRS-One’s song “My Philosophy”. Before going on a chronological study of the internal debates that many rappers have over their relationships with the minstrel trope, Ogbar finds the source of the debate in early twentieth-century black writers’, mainly W.E.B Du Bois, interest in elevating many portrayals of African Americans in the arts, versus Harlem Renaissance writers’ rejection of the emphasis on

_______ is an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way in

The _____________ is a market for converting the currency of one country into that of another.

"When a person 's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning."

I read the chapter “The Newcomers”, the book first starts off by stating how France started sending explorers to find new lands. When Francis I, (The king of France) sent Jacque Cartier, his job was to find a shipping route and precious gems and metals. Jacque Cartier arrived at Newfoundland and from there journeyed down to Prince Edward Island. Chief Donnacona went with his brother and two sons protest the cross, but the French convinced Donnacona to allow Jacque Cartier to take his two sons Domagaya and Taignoagny. Donnacona told stories to ward off Cartier from going past Quebec City, but soon Cartier went against Donnaconas wishes and past Quebec City and went as far as Montreal. Cartier’s crew got sick with scurvy and died off but he was still alive so he set sail back to France.

1. Chapter 1, is about introducing the Tres Camarones, the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. Also, since the people in that town didn’t like change much there are already danger roaming around like the bandidos who will be evading the town.

Chapter Nine goes into detail about the late Paleoindian Period the growth of agriculture in North and South America. Clovis points appeared all over the Americas attesting to a continent-wide networking. However, as time pasted distinctive points and tools began to pop up based on region and the needs it provided for. In fact, a common theme of this chapter was the Native Americans ability to exploit their resources and maximize their intake of food sources.

The book opens on Oct. 26, 1775 with King George III making a procession in his grand coach/horse drawn carriage, pulled by eight massive majestic horses. The entire coach itself was a symbol of England’s many colonies and extreme wealth. The king’s attire wasn’t usually very grand. He preferred the life of a farmer at Windsor and the company of his wife to court duties. The “madness” for which he was long remembered was really porphyria, an inherited disease. Though not a militaristic man, he had no doubt that the misbehaving colonies must be made compliant. The war under Howe and Washington officially began in Lexington and Concord and then Bunker Hill, and it made him uneasy. He

In Chapter 7 of the novel “Doing School”, Denise Clark Pope, a Stanford Alumni and Senior Lecturer at Stanford, describes Faircrest High School functions and how the upsides and downsides present themselves throughout the school’s system and how they “do school.” Based on Pope’s claims “Doing school” is when students are not engaged with learning and they don’t commit themselves to school or the values that the school has. Pope observes the school’s five “best and brightest” students and their behaviors over one year to discover what these young people do to get “good grades, win awards, pursue extracurricular interests, do community service, and help teachers and administrators.” She uncovers the truth behind achieving great success in school: the students are thought to be hard working, intelligent, and

11. The narrative abruptly changes to first point of view in the beginning of this chapter. The narrator seems to be a fellow soldier during the war in chapter one as he recalls many events and expresses relativity to many of the familiar names of those in combat in chapter one. It is later revealed to be Tim O’Brien, the author.

In chapter 11 of the textbook Ruddiman talks about two main greenhouse gases CO2 and methane and how they stayed around in our atmosphere, ice sheets, and land for thousands of years. He states that cores of todays ice sheets contain vital climatic signals which can be found under the center of an ice sheet. Drilling these ice sheets can take longer than a single summer, but in the end this information is crucial. Scientists look at carbon isotopes to determine how carbon has moved along time. Ruddiman states they move in two forms, organic carbon and inorganic carbon. He also says that when the ice sheets were large in size carbon dioxide concentrations were low, but when ice sheets were small or nonexistent then CO2 was higher. There are

Weaver, Mattie’s best friend is the only black boy in all of the North Woods. His ma moved him and herself up here after Weaver’s father was killed in Mississippi right in front of their eyes by three Caucasian men because he didn’t move off the sidewalk when they passed him. This same sort of treatment happens to Weaver. Weaver gets accepted to Columbia College, in New York, before Mattie gets accepted into Barnard College. The conflict that involves Weaver is that he will never back down from a fight, when somebody insults somebody because of his race. He struggles with controlling his temper, and has to deal with race discrimination frequently. The summer before college, he goes to work at the Glenmore hotel with Mattie, and makes a lot of money from tips. His tip revenue is suddenly lost when he returns from helping the Glenmore crew pick up hotel guests at the train station with a messed up face that includes a black eye. Weaver got into a fight with 3 white trappers at the train station because they called him a nigger. The cook makes him work in the kitchen because his face is messed up, and he protests this rule by messing up frequently in the kitchen.

In chapter 2 Nye, starts the chapter with a main question does technology control us? He begins by stating things that we could not imagine living without and to contrast this he gives us examples of societies that chose to reject certain advances in technology. One example is the rejection of guns by Japan, they adopted guns for Portuguese traders, learned how to make them and gave up bow and sword. Only to later leave them for what people believe were cultural reasons. He also describes how there are still certain groups or societies that abolish technology like the Amish and Mennonites. They do not allow devices before prior evaluation on how it could impact the community. He continues to share different stories to discuss the question however the question remains unanswered.

Many people in the world have gotten raped. In Survivor Tarah has a secret that no one knows about not even her boyfriend, Cooper. In this instance, a lot of people don't tell anybody about what has happen to them; they keep it bottled up inside.

ENTRY # QUOTATION, EVENT, OR IDEA CHAPTER, PG. ANALYSIS OF WHY THIS SELECTION IS INTERESTING OR IMPORTANT 1. Chapter sets the time and place Book One – Chapter 1 (whole chapter) Gives the reader info into the setting of the book 2. A man named Jerry Cruncher approaches the travelers and the people are scared because they thought he was a highway man or robber