Chapter 24 Ap Human History Chapter 4

Farming allowed an easier life and the growth of villages. Villages would be built were the ground was fertile enough, usually next to a

Farming most likely began with sedentary hunter-gatherers who manipulated the plants around them to their advantage. Like almost everything, farming

Agriculture, having the many advantages of growing populations and specializations also brought disadvantages like sexual inequality and social inequality

How did early civilizations effectively develop and utilize early plants and vegetables to move from hunter-gatherers to agriculturists, and what were the impacts socially, politically, and technically? “Agriculture did not emerge from an untapped resource base or randomly distributed family or tribal units of Homo sapiens sapiens. It emerged as the result of efforts by highly organized ecologically canny communities composed of skilled hunter-gatherers.” In the beginning of what is considered burgeoning civilization, humanities ancestors were what were called hunter-gatherers. They moved from place to place, following the source of their food in order to survive the brutal aspects of early life. If they could not find food, or not find it in sufficient amount, they would starve and eventually die off. Thus, the only decision facing them was to relocate their tribes in order to better take advantage of the available game. As the second portion of their name implied, they were also considered gatherers, in which they subsisted on whatever grains and green vegetables or fruits they could find to eat. It was this kind of lifestyle which led to a smaller, tribal mindset in which you ate what you could, when you could. Over time this began to change, with the establishment of agricultural practices which allowed for availability of much needed crops and the decision of tribes to establish permanent communities, as well as the increase in both number of members and life terms.

These people did not feel the need to look into agriculture, because the areas they lived in were not suitable for farming to begin with. The land was harsh desert or arctic environments, ill suited for growing crops. Some groups even deliberately resisted the development of agriculture, because the lifestyle of their Paleolithic ancestors suited them

The sort of changes that farming brought were: people benefiting from a further steady and dependable food source, settling down and building vaster communities, concentrating on contemporary skills (architecture, arts and crafts, social organization), and elaborated societies eventually emerging.

They chose which crops to cultivate, based on what was best to eat and easier to care for. They made food production more reliable, which allowed for populations to surge.

In Afro-Eurasian history, many conflicts between nomadic people and settled people existed, as the people of the pastoral societies, who mostly depended on domesticated animals rather than farming crops, became attracted to farming societies. The farming societies’ fertile soil, many manufactured products, and wide variety of growing crops made the people of pastoral societies become aware of what the farming societies’ technology and the government were like. However, not every encounter between the farmers and the herders ended up in a conflict. These two groups also exchanged ideas, technologies, and goods, which helped the societies to become more technologically or culturally developed. This shows that the Neolithic society was more sophisticated than the Paleolithic societies, which mostly were about hunting and gathering as a way of

Before there was farming people had to hunt for berries and animals. People knew that they had to start finding ways to produce food. If they started making advanced tools it would help them grow crops. When crops and animals began to be farmed the cities and civilizations began to grow. With more civilizations growing, farming became more of a demand.

Agriculture spread throughout the globe and altered and influenced the human populations it encountered. The first way agriculture spread was by diffusion, which indicates the spread of plants, animals, and agricultural techniques. Many neighboring societies took part in diffusion by swapping their ideas and products. A second way included, migration of agricultural population and the spreading of their growing populations. Both of these processes spread the agriculture throughout the globe and affected the human populations it encountered.

After the people of the Fertile Crescent developed farming, others followed. In China, people grew rice, a cereal grass. In the Americas, it was corn, squash and beans. In Africa, people farmed sorghum, millet and yams. In most places where farming emerged, a relatively large, advanced civilization followed. Moreover, those had access to the most productive and nutritious crops became the best

Agriculture- Agriculture, also know as the act of “farming,” describes the systematic method of taking nature and using it to the benefit of other humans or animals. Agriculture and farming truly started to take root in the Neolithic Revolution of 10,000 BCE. This change in manner became a result of humans choosing farming over traditional “hunter-gathering” methods. The popularity that agriculture in growing populations led to the permanent settlements and the creation of civilizations.

In the period of the Neolithic transformation, horticulture was a long way from the predominant method of backing for human social orders. Be that as it may, the individuals who received it survived and expanded, and passed their systems of generation to different people groups. The development of wheat and grain spread all through the Middle East and eastbound to India. These products additionally spread

Throughout the course of human existence, food has been the main driver of technology, specialization, trade, and the introduction of social strata. However, we spent nearly 99% of it was as hunter gatherers where peoples spent most of their time searching for food resources resulting in lower, migrant populations; however, more recent it was the introduction of agriculture during the Pleistocene period (11,000 BC) in Southwest Asia, but much later in Sub-Saharan Africa around 1000 BC, that truly drove human innovation and social differentiation in societies. The study of archaeobotany and zooarcheology added further information on the stages of domestication, Yet the transition from forging to agriculture was not easy as it took hundreds of years to step by step transformation the life style due to the time it took to domesticate plants and setbacks such as the Younger Dryas which cooled the plant and reduced wild plant environments.

Hypothesises such as Population Growth and Cultural Evolution arose as attempts to explain the causes for the inception of agriculture. Firstly, Cohen argues that the slow increment of population pressure fostered the first developments of agriculture at around 11, 600 B.P. He explains that the rise of population density drove individuals to generate new inventions in order to survive. Therefore, inhabitants had to intensify their food production through new systems to cover the shortage and scarcity resulted from the growth of