Chapter 4 : Processor Technology And Architecture

Storage of data plays a major role in improving the performance of a company and this can happen either offline or online and in various formats.

Processor: A computer processer, otherwise known as the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a part of the computer that receives input and decides that the output will be. Many modern CPUs are capable of processing trillions of calculations per second. The speed of a processor measured by how many operations a CPU can do in one second; this is done in MHz or GHz (Megahertz or Gigahertz). A processer with the speed of 1 MHz does 1,000,000 operations per second, and a 1GHz processer does 1,000,000,000 operations per second. This is known as the clock speed.

The use of data in today’s commercials is a vital role that cannot be overlooked. That is there is a need to backup data on physical mediums. The main mediums are hard-drive, flash drive, optical disc, and tape drive. There is multiply different version of each main type of medium. These different physical mediums store data in different ways. Fragmentation can also be an issue for some of these physical mediums. I will cover each medium in a little depth because of the different types available in today’s market.

a) The control signal and the address location in the memory chip are verified and registered using the TDI pin, then the first test vector is turned on. The processor will work in the Selected mode.

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and it’s the brain of the computer. CPU executes instructions that enable the operating system and application software to run on a system. Inside the CPU we can find three main components which are the ALU, Control Unit and memory unit. ALU stands for Arithmetic and Logic Unit and performs calculations like addition, multiplication, division and subtraction. It also compares results using “greater than”, “less than” or “equal to”. Control Unit controls the operation of the memory unit, processor and input/output units. Memory unit is where all data that the CPU may need to process is stored. The data is stored in the memory in binary form.

List and describe at least three types of storage that is typically included in all computer systems.

The processor receives the instructions from the operating system takes the information from the software and hardware then gives instructions to the processor, in simple terms the processor in one cycle fetches an instruction then decodes the instruction and finally executes the instruction when this is done it returns to the original step of fetching a new instruction.

There are two types of control unit which are hardwired and micro program where hardwired are for fixed architecture and are typically RISC and cost more than micro program because of the time required to design the circuits , but they are faster. Micro program control units are slower than hardwired but are easier and cheaper to implement as the instructions are stored in special control memory. The control unit controls all data going in, out and inside the CPU. The control unit decodes the data from ram and turns it into an instruction depending on what instruction set the control unit is programed or hardwired to have. Then if the instruction involves any logic or mathamatical caluculations it gets sent to the alu

Flash memory is a solid-state drive (SSD) that maintains data storage without moving parts, even

Storage Devices are used to store things for a long time. This memory is non-volatile, meaning it won't be lost should power be turned off. Storage devices, like ram, vary in terms of storage capacity. Like RAM, storage devices’ capacity is measured in Bytes (B) and data transfer speed is measured in Bits Per Second (bit/s) or Bytes Per Second (B/s)

Input operation is external instructions that are put into computer data form. Two examples of Input would be a video camera and the videos another would be a keyboard and the characters that are used.

Permanent storage devices are nonvolatile—that is, their contents are persistent and are retained even when power is lost.

It is the type of disk in which the space is fixed. it doesn’t matter how much data you store.

Storage systems are categorized into two types based on the storage of data, archival storage and conventional storage. Archival storage

f) Storage Device: Storage device like CD ROM, DVD ROM are used to preserve the documents on digital format.