Chapter 6 : Data And Background

All kinds of ionizing radiation that used in health care centers in medical diagnosis and therapy processes, as well the radiation used in diagnostic radiology is the field of medicine that uses radiation to make an imaging exams and procedures to diagnose a patient. In another hand it’s used to treatment for many kind of disease especially to cure from cancer. In any form of medical care, diagnostic radiology plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of disease or injury. The exams often use radiation, at many levels that have been determined and adjusted to be safe as possible, to create detailed anatomical images. (Bekas M, et al, 2016)

The 1940’s was a decade of war, countries sought new ways to bring the most destruction to enemies with as little resources as possible. Soon enough, by the second half of the decade, weapons with nuclear power were in demand, and the United States was no different. As early as 1946, the United States began a series of nuclear bomb tests in an area just to the northeastern edge of Australia in the Pacific Ocean called the Marshall Islands. Unfortunately, the United States didn’t account for the radioactive fallout that would could affect the islands, more specifically, Bikini Atoll, and the inhabitants of those islands. As a result of the fallout affecting Bikini Atoll and other surrounding islands, these nuclear bomb testing grounds have become significant to the field of radiology by providing an example of how radiation affects land and

There are two reactions that happen in the human body when ionizing radiation within the diagnostic range (30-150 kilovolt peak) is

Beginning with the accident at Three Mile Island in 1979, a widespread belief has proliferated that all levels of ionizing radiation are dangerous. Since 1980, radiation hormesis studies have shown there is actually a threshold of danger with high level exposures, but below that threshold low dose radiation is essentially safe and quite possibly beneficial to life. Yet, this relatively new, seemingly contradictory understanding of radiation's health effects has gone essentially unknown to the general public. In order to grasp the reasons why, we must again return to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

This note is very important, because radiation is a very dangerous thing and you have to make sure you know the steps and for what you’re doing. Never take a risk.

Due to the risks that can occur from high radiation levels, a backup plan has been developed in the case of high radiation levels. To start, at the start of the project a Geiger Counter will be purchased in order to keep track of all the radiation and determine whether the radiation ever reaches unsafe levels.

Gamma radiation has 0 charges and 0 atomic mass and atomic number. It has a very high penetrating power than alpha and beta because it does not stop for many centimetres. The ionising power of gamma radiation is very low according to alpha and beta radiation. It is used to treat cancer and testing equipment; however it can be very dangerous for human health if it comes in contact with

are all naturally occurs, as they are also able to decay on their own. As others are man made that are used for radioactivity in the healthcare system such as: Na-24 (monitoring blood circulation), F- 18 (brain imaging/bone scans), I- 131 (imaging of the activity of thyroids and liver) and etc. The form of radiation transferred through energy taking the form of tiny particles invisible to the eye or light. Radiation linked to nuclear medicine utilizing nuclear energy is considered to be ionizing radiation. This implies that the radiation has enough energy to interrelate with matter including with the human body in producing ions. There are several different kinds of ionizing radiation, which include: alpha particles (a helium nucleus produced by radioactive components, initially known as a ray), beta particles (a quick moving electron produced by radioactive decay initially known as a ray), and gamma rays (the penetration of electromagnetic radiation derived from the radioactive decay of an atomic nuclei) (NDE-ED,

Abstract Radioactivity is the process that an atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation to form a more stable atom, and time for radioactive material decay to half of the isotope is defined Half-life. Radon-220 observed in the experiment theoretically has a half-life with 54.5s. Two methods derived from the definition of Half-life and Radioactive Decay Law used to demonstrate half-life of Radon-220 under 400V and the closest result from the whole experiment is 55.90s with 2.57% error. The relationship of remaining atoms of Radon (1/∆T) and total elapsed time (t) is the main idea to find out Half-life in the experiment.

Walker et al. (2005) performed this study to determine the differences in producing the maximum dose buildup while using Play-Doh, water soaked gauze, and Superflab. The researchers wanted to determine if Play-Doh and water soaked gauze were adequate alternatives to Superflab. At the beginning they accurately measured the radiation doses to be less than 10.0 cGy. Next, they made each bolus material 5 mm thick and then placed TLDs at the center of the beam where they placed each bolus and irradiated them 5 times each. Then, they calculated the mean dose, standard

There has been a substantial amount of growth in dental radiograph technology and it has been accompanied by the potential for an increased dosage of ionizing radiation, but being able to utilize radiographs as a dentist is a necessity. Diagnostic imaging has been proven to aid the dental practitioner in diagnosing numerous oral diseases and problems. It has become apparent that ionizing radiation is a risk when acquiring dental radiographs, because the patient is exposed to ionizing radiation that can substantially harm them overtime. The patient is exposed to ionizing radiation from other sources, so it’s crucial to keep the amount we purposely inflict to a minimum. It is believed that the annual maximum recommended ionizing radiation dose

Computed Tomography (CT) is an excellent tool in the medical field for the detection of diseases and injuries. Since its initial introduction in the 1970s, it has revolutionized imaging techniques which were limited, and over time it has grown more powerful with advances in technology. These improvements have led to more detailed images, and faster imaging speeds, but it also led to a huge popularity among the technology. This popularity has spiked its usage over the last quarter of contrary, leading to better diagnosis’s and also exposing more patients and to multiple scan, with compounding radiation. The radiation in CT scans is much higher than natural exposure and even X-rays, which has led many scholar to view the technology as a possible concern over how much radiation it is exposing the public too. The review mentions a 2005 report, “CT scans only consisted of 11% of all medical x-ray exposures, but contributed to 67% of the general populations total radiation dose.” Those are staggering and worrisome figures especially when this radiation is compounded during other scans and

The estimated rates of exposure, stated previously, is important for estimating short and long term effects on the exposed populations. Especially the exposed children, because they are at higher risk for future radiation exposure effects, as explained by the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau. The exposed children need to be monitored because they will most likely require treatment, as they get older due to their sensitive thyroid

With human exposure to radiation, you have to take into account not just how much radiation you’ve been exposed to, but how much you have been exposed to over time, the type of radiation you were exposed to and the intensity of the radiation you have been exposed to. Start with Alpha particles, alpha particles are low energy radioactive particles that deflect off our clothes, so in this case it shouldn’t hurt is too badly. The big issue with Alpha particles is you can eat the alpha particles which can cause bad things like lung cancer. Beta particles are stronger but smaller than the alpha particles, they’re 8000 times smaller than alpha particles. These particles can go through our skin which can cause problems. The worst radiation is called Gamma rays, these rays come at your skin with extreme high energy and it can hurt

Veterinarians, specialists and aides frequently take radiographs, or X-beams, once a day. Due to this regular introduction to radioactive beams, it's basic that the best possible assurance is worn. This security is accessible in the method for lead vests or lead cook's garments, throat and hand assurance, and X-beam identifications that measure the dosage of radiation introduction to the representative. There are a few occurrences in which X-beams are a helpful symptomatic device.