In Chapter 8, Sandel begins to introduce Aristotle's take on justice. As Sandel mentioned, Aristotle breaks justice into two ideas, one that sees justice as teleological and one that sees justice as honorific. In order for justice to be teleological, we have to think about the purpose, end or essential nature of the social practice in question, and only then we can draw the line between what is right and what is wrong. Moreover, for justice to be honorific, one needs to argue about the telos, or purpose, of a practice to reason and argue about what virtues it should honor and reward. It is important to mention that Aristotle thinks that arguments and debates about justice are debates about honor, virtue and that nature of the good life. In
Van Gogh got excited over the look of these trees and painted them. Some of his paintings of the trees represented life, others represented how he felt about Christ in Gethsemane, and others represented a combination of both of these things. An example of an art piece that had a lot to do with religion was Olive Trees with Alpilles in the Background (Fig. 6). This piece was painted with Christ in Gethsemane in mind. He wanted to create a piece that used a more purer and serence sense of nature without using religious imagery. With this piece “he wanted to show it was possible to paint the meaning of Christ in the Garden of Olives, the garden of Gethsemane where Christ prayed the night before his crucifixion, without aiming straight for the historical Garden of Gethsemane.” Vincent had done religious paintings before, he actually painted Christ in the arden of Olives twice before, but both times he decided not to paint the images of Christ since, as he said in a letter to his brother Theo, he did not want to “do figures of such importance without a model.” Van Gogh actually had begun to avoid doing religious work around this time for both aesthetic and moral reasons. Van Gogh had rejected what he believed to be his parents’ narrow religionious views and went for a much different view, one where life itself almost didn’t seem to matter of have purpose, something close to Nihilism. Vincent instead tried to find meaning in the cycles of nature and how they related to the
Aristotle believes that there are two kinds of virtue, one being intellectual and the other being moral virtue. He states that Intellectual virtue comes from being taught meaning we’re not born with it. Moral virtue on the other hand we develop as we grow and gain an understanding of life. “The stone which by nature moves downwards cannot be habituated to move upwards, not even if one tries to train it by throwing it up ten thousand times” (N.E. II.1) Right there he is talking about how if you are designed to do one thing, it is impossible to do the opposite no matter how hard you force it. He talks about how we gain our virtues by practicing them and using them on a regular basis. That is how we learn
“What is justice?” This is a question that men have struggled with answering for centuries. Justice should be defined for the sake of all people, especially by rulers who attempt to make fair laws so that their society functions in an orderly fashion. In Book 1 of The Republic, Plato attempts to define exactly what justice is. To help determine this definition, he speaks through the philosopher protagonist of Socrates. Justice is first brought up in The Republic during Socrates’ trip to Piraeus. While traveling Socrates ends up gathering with his interlocutors and together, they talk about justice and how one would define it. Socrates debates with the men about the definition of justice and is presented with a definition of
This contradiction can perhaps be resolved within Aristotle’s analysis of justice in Book V. Here he makes evident that justice as a virtue is inherently intertwined with law-abidingness, so much so that he calls lawfulness “complete virtue” (1129b28). Yet, Aristotle also provides an extensive critique of laws. Giorgi Areshidze examines this critique in his essay, “Aristotles Critique of Justice, the Rule of Law and the Common Good in Book V of the Nicomachean Ethics.” According to Areshidze, “laws are deficient because they are expressed as universals and therefore are likely to fail to secure justice in particular cases (1137b13), and above all because at the core of laws rest deeply flawed assumptions about human beings: laws require penalties because they assume that the lawbreaker gets away with too much good, and must therefore be subjected to punishment through which “the judge tries to take away his gain and restore the equilibrium” (1132a8).” As a result of this assumption, Areshidze states, “all
Vincent Willem van Gogh was born on 30 March 1853 in Zundert, a village in the south of the Netherlands. His father was the protestant minister of the place, but three of his father's brothers were art dealers, and so it is only natural that Vincent became an apprentice at the shop of his uncle Vincent van Gogh in The Hague. His uncle had become a partner in the firm of Goupil & Cie, and after having worked in The Hague for four years Vincent was sent to other branches of the Goupil firm, first in London, then in Paris.
For Aristotle, justice is a virtue but unlike the other virtues he discusses in his Ethics. Whereas each virtue was defined as the mean between two vices, justice is not the mean of two vices since injustice, the opposite of justice, is but only one extreme. Justice is the mean state of people having what they deserve. Injustice occurs when people have either too much or too little. Following Aristotle's definition of justice, a theft of one hundred dollars would result in the thief's gain of one hundred dollars and the victim's equal and unjust loss of one hundred dollars.
Q15) Answer, C Wright Mills R-4 Def.- Charles Wright Mills was an American sociologist, and a teacher of sociology at Columbia University from 1946 until 1962 which is when he died. Mills was made widely in popular journals, and is remembered for some books that he had written, among them The Power Elite, which introduced that term and describes the relationships and alliances among the U.S. political, military, and economic people. He was the one of the major contributors for the subject of sociology he 's done so much for this it 's unbelievably so much. He was the one of the major contributors for the subject of sociology he 's done so much for this it 's unbelievably so much. His papers on the power elite showed us having too much