CHAPTER IV: COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Major capital cost items for a wave farm include: initial and replacement WEC devices, moorings and foundations, power conditioning equipment at the hub and submarine cables, grid connections, and environmental permits. Additional non-capital costs include annualized operations and maintenance, and personnel costs.
A formal request for information (RFI) was sent to OPT. The RFI asked for WEC performance data and cost specifics. They declined to respond to the RFI completely. The wave energy industry considers almost all design information extremely proprietary and compromise competitive advantages if specifications are released. Consequently, WEC device performance specifications were limited to that of
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The total installation cost is estimated between 4 and 5 million dollars (Jarocki).
Maintenance costs for WECs are expected to be substantial due to the inherent challenges of operating in a marine environment. Seawater is exceptionally corrosive, and the variable loads and shock forces that WECs will be subjected to will require frequent intervention and mitigation. Offshore oil and gas operations have shown that offshore operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are typically 5-10 times higher than similar onshore activities. Survivability and device failure are further issues that will drive up operational costs and demand high safety requirements and strict tolerances. Historical buoy data shows that significant wave heights of 10 to 11 m occur every few years in Delaware (Service 2005). Additionally, the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or animals on wetted surfaces (biofouling) poses risks to underwater construction, structural stability, and efficiency of power absorption. There is a recommended 3-month maintenance period for the OPT buoy technology (Ocean Power Technologies 2016).
Although there is minimal industry experience in actual O&M costs, rough comparisons may be made from analogous industries, such as offshore oil and gas or offshore wind energy. All cost estimates to date are based on
Mission: Standardize and formalize the capital budgeting process. The CERs and capital budgeting process were implemented so that a more formal process of requesting capital expenditure and approving them would be applied. All this was put in place to support cash flow targets and maintain Stryker’s 20% growth benchmark.
The AHRQ organization has several portfolios’ that are funded and supports research projects. Such portfolios are information technology, health patient safety, prevention and care management, and value portfolios. Within these portfolio’s, grants are there to fund new projects that relate to each category. Within each portfolio, research has been started and effectiveness of these projects is underway. Some clinical research projects are a set of priority conditions of importance to the Medicaid, Medicare, and SCHIP programs. Projected initiatives are to improve quality of care. The Value portfolio finds ways to reduce unnecessary cost and waste while maintaining or improving quality without adding cost which is a critical, national need (2012, p.5).
San Diego is a coastal Southern California city located in the southwestern corner of the continental United States. In 2006, the city's population was estimated to be 1,256,951. It is the second largest city in California and the eighth largest city in the United States, by population. It is the county seat of San Diego County and is the economic center of the San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos metropolitan area, the 17th-largest in the United States with a population of 2.9 million as of 2006, and the 21st-largest metropolitan area in the Americas when including Tijuana.
In this class, I learned about ICD-10 and CPT codes. ICD-10 is coding of diseases, abnormal findings, or signs and symptoms. CPT is a medical code that used bill medical procedures or services, which tell private or public insurances payer what medical procedures or services the healthcare provider would like to be reimbursed for. I also learned about Medicare, Medicaid and premium insurance coverages. This class was really helpful for me. I will consider patents’ insurance coverage before I prescribe medications or order diagnostic tests in order to provide high-quality care and cost-effective care for patients.
Presently, cost and quality in health care are both indicators that are benchmarked in determining best healthcare practice. Two organizations both work towards meeting these objectives in healthcare, The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), a public agency and the Commonwealth Fund, a private agency.
The Affordable Healthcare Act has opened up opportunities for many citizens across the United States. Since the bill passed in 2010, the United States Health Department has recorded “about 16.4 million uninsured people have gained health coverage” (2014). Now that many people have been granted the chance to receive a regular check-up from the doctor’s office or go to the emergency room to receive urgent care, there are not enough primary health care professionals to assist those who are in need. The shortage of health care professionals has become a rising problem in the United States. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) over the next 10 years the United States is expected to have a shortage of primary care doctors
(A). Performing a cost-benefit analysis would help the project manager and team compare and establish vendor financial and non-financially benefits. By performing a cost-benefit analysis, the project manager can gain benefits by selecting vendors and suppliers that specialize in certain areas. Performing the cost-benefit analysis would highlight vendor strengths in delivery, flexibility, quality and reliability, fair price, familiarity, and financial and business stability that would best meet the established project budget and hospitals and ambulatory care facilities with the necessary framework for EHR exchange. Choosing a vendor with a good delivery history would eliminate waste when purchasing needed EHR software and equipment, this
Cost benefiting is a positive financial investment overall. Economically there will be less time and more productive work with less errors and stress put on clinical staff resulting in time off and time lost. Clinical documentation systems save in staffing costs bring down overall overhead costs. There seems to be a huge cost associated with medication expenditures and without missed documentation or wasted, missing, over medicating or duplication the electronic system would generate huge cost saving in this area. Another area of cost cutting would be decreased billing
Currently, there is coverage in the news regarding high-cost specialty drugs. Who is responsible for paying these high costs? Approximately Seventy-one percent of the public believe new expensive drugs that are recommended by physicians, should be covered by their health insurance; however, seventeen percent believe the individual needing these medications should pay for it themselves (DiJulio, Firth, & Brodie, 2015). Nationwide, individuals with serious diseases are dwindling through the flaws of our nation's healthcare system. Many individuals are unable to afford medications that they are in need of even if they have good jobs and insurance. In the passage below we explore this topic in depth, weighing in on our federal, state, and local
* Nobel Prize–winning economist Ronald Coase noted,“The cost of doing anything consists of the receipts that could have been obtained if that particular decision had not been taken.”
At our target market price of $200 per turbine, the cost is affordable for these entities to purchase the high quantities outlined above. This cost ends up being relatively inconsequential compared to the cost of the actual solar parking meter, which is approximately $7,500 (Siemens). Additionally, our product will pay for itself in regained revenues making it more appealing to the customer to make these large
An excellent statement about opportunity cost, the hospital where I work, one of the issues the administration is doing is monitoring and replacing strict guidelines in order to limit primary care physicians within the hospital by replacing them with hospitalist doctors.These are doctors that do not practice outside of the hospital. They are hoping that this will limit the waiting time that a patient sees a doctor that is assigned to their
Performed as Lead Analyst on 17 Costs Benefit Analysis (CBAs) efforts estimated at over $10.6B, where I've reviewed for validity the methodologies, assumptions, and analyses supporting Army decisions that define its acquisition requirements. Presented sound, detailed findings and recommendations to management that resulted in numerous cost savings to the Department of Army.
A comparison of the direct and indirect cost that is associated with the navigation system within VectorCal and my company.
The provided information is used to access whether investment propose by the Rich Stenson, marketing manager, is feasible or not. The NPV analysis is made to assess the feasibility of Champ Sport investment in alloy which will be used to produce and sell metal baseball bats.