Chapter Summary: A Brave New World

The first chapter of the book Don’t Know Much About History by Kenneth Davis, titled “Brave New World,” focuses around the discovery of the continent of North America, the origins of its first inhabitants, and the different ways that the European countries established settlements in America. The voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 were important to the development of America because even though he did not set foot on North America, he let the Europeans know that there was a “New World” and that there were people living there. The first Spanish settlements in the New World helped to change America because most of the settlements still exist today, such as the St. Augustine settlement in Florida. The establishment of the English settlement of Jamestown changed America because it was the spark that started an era of English dominance in North America.

By implementing these guidelines, the federal government would encourage researchers to conduct destructive embryo experiments that are punishable as felonies in some states.(3)

embryo does not justify the means. On the other side of the debate are many scientists and

While there are many theories of the benefits we could gain by using embryonic stem cells, it has brought many ethical dilemmas and arguments. Many feel that the use of embryos for science is morally wrong and equal killing an unborn baby. This is usually followed by the idea that we shouldn’t “play god” nor allow embryos to be used for research. On the other hand,

Laurie Zoloth argues the assurance of the good goals of embryonic cell research’s protection in her article Embryonic Stem Cell Research is Ethical. Ethical issues in human embryonic cell research, in terms of preserving morality and safety, can become a great moral enterprise of

This proposal is immoral because it violates a central tenet of all civilized codes on human experimentation beginning with the Nuremberg Code: It approves doing deadly harm to a member of the human species solely for the sake of potential benefit to others. The embryos to be destroyed by researchers in this campaign are at the same stage of development as embryos in the womb who have been protected as human subjects in federally funded research since 1975.(4) President Clinton's National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) and its 1994 predecessor,

New technological advances and scientific methods continue to change the course of nature. One of the current controversial advances in science and technology is the use of genetically modified embryos in which the study exceeds stem cell research. Scientists have begun planning for research involving human embryos in the genetic modification field. Many technological developments are responsible for improving our living standards and even saving lives, but often such accomplishments have troubling cultural and moral ramifications (Reagan, 2015). We are already beyond the days in which virtually the only procreative option was for a man and a woman to conceive the old-fashioned way (Reagan, 2015). Genetic modification of human embryos can be perceived as a positive evolution in the medical process yet it is surrounded by controversy due to ethical processes. Because this form of genetic modification could affect later born children and their offspring, the protection of human subjects should be a priority in decisions about whether to proceed with such research (Dresser, 2004). The term Human Genetic Engineering was originally made public in 1970. During this time there were several methods biologists began to devise in order to better identify or isolate clone genes for manipulation in several species or mutating them in humans.

Brave New World is based on a future dystopian society that strives off efficiency and social standings. The first section of the book takes place in future central London. The book opens at the central Hatchery in London where the D.H.C (Director of Hatchery) is giving a tour of the plant to a group of students. Here we learn that the world is based on a class system, children are genetically modified to fit any needs. The entire world is based on efficiency so these children are breed to love their jobs no matter how harsh or physically demanding. The class system is broken down to 5 castes, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon. Alphas are the highest class, breed to be perfect and in control, Deltas and Epsilons are the lowest and modified to be hard workers.

In the dark of morning, just before the sun started to rise, King Goddric looked out on the fields of the north. His kingdom was vast and beautiful. Memories of his long years came like sparks from a fire to give light to his dark mood. His foul mood wasn't something that overtook him occasionally, this was the deep sadness born from time. In his years as king his choices were not easy. They have caused his kin to turn against him. For what seemed like the millionth time in the last 15 years, he wondered if he was doing the right thing. Yes, most of the girls he brought here proved that they could be bonded to his people. Yes, they gave him both joy and pride at all they have learned and all they can do. But, was it enough? Goddric thought of the first king of the elves. He was too young a king for his time. He had made hard choices like himself.

This proposal is immoral because it violates a central tenet of all civilized codes on human experimentation beginning with the Nuremberg Code: It approves doing deadly harm to a member of the human species solely for the sake of potential benefit to others. The embryos to be destroyed by researchers in this campaign are at the same stage of development as embryos in the womb who have been protected as human subjects in federally funded research since 1975.(4)

The novel, Brave New World, open with a tour of the Hatchery, which shows how the babies are made and trained for their caste system. We meet a new character Bernard who works there and goes on a date with Lenina and have sex. Bernard and Lenina go to a reservation, where they meet John the savage. John really likes Lenina. Bernard and Lenina take John with them. When they arrived John loves their world and gets more attracted to Lenina. When John meets the director John calls him dad. John is the director son which is really bad because in their civilization they do not have parents anymore. John's mom dies for overdosing on soma and John does not understand why nobody is reacting and starts hating their society . John stays in a lighthouse

The novel opens in the year 632 A.F. (which means After Ford, the god of the New World). All of civilization has been destroyed by a great war. Then there is another war, the Nine Years War, which ushers in the era of Ford, ensuring stability through dictatorship. The society depicted in the novel is based on a rigid caste system. The higher of the five castes enjoy superior tasks, while the lower ones perform menial roles. Ten Controllers hold all the power in this new world and peace is maintained by conditioning infant minds and by soothing adults with the tranquilizer, soma. The population is further controlled through scientific methods; marriage is forbidden, and children are not born but produced in an embryo factory.

While in the hospital, John sees one hundred and sixty-two Deltas divided into two Bokanovsky groups receiving their soma rations. The words "O brave new world” continue being repeating over and over again in his head. As these words are repeated it feels as if now the words are telling him to change the world into what he believes it should be like. when he can’t take it any longer, he cries to the Deltas to stop taking the rations. John stands in front of the group to tell the Deltas that the soma is poison and that if they stop taking the rations they could have freedom. He tries to make them understand that it is holding them captive. The man handing out the soma makes a call to Bernard. Helmholtz is the one who picks up the phone and then

The novel starts off in the year a.f. (after Ford) 632 at the Central London Hatching and Conditioning center. The director of the center is showing a group of boys around the center and explaining what all the different departments are destined to perform. The boys learn about the processes to create human embryos of all kinds and how they are separated into different caste systems once they are ready. The caste system consists of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon. In a succeeding order, it starts off with the most intelligent and best leaders (Alphas) to being less physically and intelligent impressive and going all the way to being messed up chemically, which causes them to have stunted growth and be destined to work labor jobs (Epsilons).

Unlike our world today Brave New World is entirely different due to the way children are reproduced. The following paragraphs are summaries of chapters one through three in the book the Brave New World.