Apush Chapter 3 Study Guide

Beginning in the Middle Ages and through the seventeenth centuries, witch trials occurred in Europe. Many people were accused of being witches some of these people were accused of being witches for not following Christian beliefs at that time and others followed witch prosecutions for goods and money. Furthermore, the stereotypes of witches at this period also had a role in causing witch prosecutions. In this essay I argue how these three components led to the death of so-called witches. Firstly, I will discuss how the Catholic Church had an impact on most prosecutions. Secondly, I will explain how social stereotypes of that period have also influenced with the causes of prosecution of many alleged witches. Thirdly, I will discuss how

Cannibalism: It Still Exists By: Linh Kieu Ngo and Love: The Right Chemistry By: Anastasia Toufelis are the two selections assigned to go with the concept essay. In the Cannibalism essay author Ngo explains a different side of cannibalism. The side of cannibalism that is practiced for dietary reasons, ceremonial purposes, and survival. Toufexis’ essay on love talks about the “physical” more chemical and biological aspect of love, relationships, and romance. It delves into the comical explanation for passion and why people fall in love.

Most observers now agree that witches in the villages and towns of the late Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century New England tended to be poor. They were usually not the poorest women in the community, but the moderately poor. Karlsen tries to show that a woman who was vulnerable was most likely to be accused of being a witch. Even women who had gained wealth because of the death of a husband were prime candidates.

In the mid 1400’s, witchcraft trials began in Europe. The main people accused were Cathars. Cathars were members of a medieval European heretical Christian Sect, who believed that salvation lay in the adoption of a spiritual way of life. The majority of Cathars fled to Germany and The Savoy when these trials started. However, some were captured. “Torture inflicted on heretics suspected of magical pacts or demon-driven sexual misconducts led to alarming confessions”[1]. They admitted to flying on poles or animals to attend meetings presided over by Satan himself, appearing in the form of a goat or other animal. As if this wasn’t horrifying enough to the Christian community, the other acts that were confessed were downright disgusting. Some of the defendants told the investigators that they repeatedly kissed Satan’s anus, as a display of their loyalty to him. Others admitted to casting spells on neighbors, having sex with animals, or causing storms[1]. In 1484, Pope Innocent VIII announced that these meetings had been taking place and

The article "Of the Cannibals" from Michel Eyquem de Montaigne speaks about two major problems. The first one is the problem of men telling stories subjectively instead of objectively. This problem is dealt with only in very short and there is no real solution presented in the essay. The other problem is men calling others barbarous just because they are different. The essay also deals with the word "barbarism" and what can be meant by that.

Cannibalism was very familiar in 1729. More than a few in the world practiced it, even to their own children. Times now cannibalism isn't even in consideration. We call that murder. From then to now we have several different ways of a living style. People were not only desperate but very sickly back then. Love didn't matter then. Loving your children wasn't a decision. Cannibalism was a way to fight poverty in that time. Jonathan’s thoughts were to market the babies to stay economically independent. The “A modest proposal” is stated to be a coldhearted and gloomy proposal. The statement "I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children" was stated by Jonathan, insinuating that the poverty-stricken families of Ireland are slaves to their landlords. With the way Jonathan mentioned his cannibalism thesis, different people can and will

The outbreak of witchcraft accusations of 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts was a devastating period for those involved in the crisis. Because of the random and frequent witchcraft accusations made throughout the time of the trials, the reoccurring characteristics that were often indicative of an individual’s likelihood of being accused of witchcraft were not always consistent. In John Demos’s book Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the Culture of Early New England he includes a diagram containing nine points of what he believes to be the definitive characteristics of a “typical” witch during the Salem witchcraft trials. It is important to note that Demos’s portrait of a witch identifies the “typical” witch, not every witch. For

The author of “Insufficiency of Evidence Against Witches” was Increase Mather. The purpose of writing this

Carol Karlsen 's "The Devil in the Shape of a Woman” was written to provide the reader with an understanding of the role of the “witch” in colonial New England. During the early colonial period, pilgrims lived in a male-dominated society and the classical witch hunts were conducted in an attempt to maintain this societal structure. Since these hunts were placed under a religious guise, it was simple for these individuals to act as if they were maintaining the safety and justice of society. Karlsen explains that in many instances, women who were labelled as witches were often females that had managed to acquire great economic and social status and society. In fear of these women, the neighborhood targeted them and called them witches to weaken their power. Independent of guilt, women who were accused of witchcraft could not possibly recovered. If they claimed their innocence, they would be stoned or burned to death because the counsel would decide that they were not being truthful. If they admitted to their guilt, their place in society would be marred and they would be embarrassed for partaking in these evil acts. Through this violence, men have been able to maintain their place in Puritan society. In her book, Karlsen aims to provide the reader new insight into the witch trials, demonstrating the societal, rather than religious causes for this well-known historic tragedy.

Were the witch-hunts in pre-modern Europe misogynistic? Anne Llewellyn Barstow seems to think so in her article, “On Studying Witchcraft as Women’s History: A Historiography of the European Witch Persecutions”. On the contrary, Robin Briggs disagrees that witch-hunts were not solely based on hatred for women as stated in his article, “Women as Victims? Witches, Judges and the Community”. The witch craze that once rapidly swept through Europe may have been because of misconstrued circumstances. The evaluation of European witch-hunts serves as an opportunity to delve deeper into the issue of misogyny.

The witch craze had widely spread through Europe from the Middle Ages up to the 1700’s. Those who were accused of being a witch were persecuted by the use of torture. The number of “witches” who were tried surpassed 100,000. Witches were not viewed too fondly, for they were assumed to associate with the Devil. The three major reasons for the persecutions of witches were economic greed, age and gender bias, and religious beliefs.

The Massachusetts Bay settlers had blamed and sentenced individuals for witchcraft some time recently, initiated in 1648 with convicting Margaret Jones, yet no one in the province had ever admitted to being a witch before or forebodingly expressed that there were different witches out there (Woolf, 2004). Confession of this Indian slave strengthened the greater part of the fundamental feelings of trepidation of the colonists and therefore urged them to carry the hunt and punish the

Desperate times called for desperate measures and in some cases, people had to revert to cannibalism in means to survive. In other instances, the barbequing of humans was just a matter on

Witch hunts blazed across Europe over the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries not just killing innumerable innocent people, but stripping women of much of the power they had once held, and changing society's perceptions of women all together. The economic hardships, religious rivalries, and troubled politics of the time made accusing your neighbors of witchcraft convenient. Where there was war and poverty, or merely bad luck, peasants would assume witchcraft and rush to blame an old, defenseless woman in trials which involved unbelievable cruelty and horrible sadism. As religion and the Catholic Church began to complement and perpetuate the increasing hysteria, European society as a whole could do nothing but

There are many variations on human cannibalism, but the main three are survival cannibalism, endocannibalism and exocannibalism. Survival cannibalism is the practice of human beings eating other human beings as a necessity in order to survive. This type of practice