Chapter Three A Proposed Design of Intelligent Controller for Solar Tracking System 3.1

SAM has three different choices for the user to choose from to modeling a photovoltaic system; The PVWatts System model which is an implementation of NREL 's online photovoltaic calculator, the Flat Plate PV model which combines and separates module’s component models that are available for the user to select and; and the High-X Concentrating PV model which is for concentrating PV systems. All three

The digital image is sampled and mapped as a grid of dots or picture elements (pixels). Each pixel is assigned a total value (black, white, shades of gray or color), which is represented in binary code (zeros and ones). The binary digits ("bits") for each pixel are stored in a sequence by a computer and often reduced to a mathematical analog version for display or printing. http://preservationtutorial.library.cornell.edu/intro/intro-01.html

Solar cell is a structure that directly converts solar energy into DC electrical energy. Solar cell acts as battery because it supplies DC energy.

The combination of the two systems allows for the limitations that were once present in the systems as they operated alone to be improved upon. The device utilizes features of solar-thermal and photovoltaics in order for the photons that were being reflected away to also be collected and used in the conversions, resulting for an improvement of efficiency. With the enhancements that this device provides, solar energy conversions will become more reliable as the limitations will no longer affect the efficiency.

The aim of this paper is an efficient power processing topology for solar module using power plane analysis has been proposed. The Parallel Power Processing (PPP) topology is to process most of the power to

A flat plate solar collector has a dynamic behaviour in response to variations in the intensity of solar radiation at different times of the day and also variations in weather conditions. The characteristics governing the input-output behaviour of a flat plate collector can be described by a mathematical model which serves as a prerequisite for simulation and control. The steady state and transient characteristics of flat plate solar collectors have been studied in \cite{Hilmer1999Solar,Dhariwal2005Solar,deRon1980,RodriguezHidalgo2011,Refaie1980}. Depending on the complexity of the flat plate solar collector under observation, deriving a mathematical model may lead to a high order model which requires high computational effort and longer

This chapter includes history of Solar Water Heating and the technical analysis of the latest technology in Solar Water Heating systems. The analysis of the latest technology involves all aspects of Alternative Solar Water Heating systems design. Low cost alternative water heating system for the train coach, direct versus indirect systems, components and materials used was investigated.

Solar energy is a gateway that will ideally lead us far from our petroleum subordinate sources. The significant issue with sun based board innovation is that the efficiencies for sun based power frameworks are still poor and the expenses per kilo-watt-hour (Kwh) are not focused, much of the time, to rival conventional sources in the use. Solar

ADO.NET objects encapsulate all the data access operations and the controls interact with these objects to display data.

Solar PV system contains different components that should be selected according to your system type, site location and applications. The main components for solar system are solar charge controller, inverter, battery bank, auxiliary energy sources and loads (appliances).

Figure 3.6 shows the connection of solar module and sensor parameter. The temperature of the solar sense by temperature sensor LM35. The temperature of the solar can also be used with humidity sensor which it can sense the both humidity and temperature of solar surrounding. The LDR act as an irradiance meter to detect the light intensity from the solar panel. However, the irradiance meter is impossible to perform in this project because of its higher cost. The variable resistor act as voltage sensor in order to monitor solar power energy.

Nowadays, renewable energy resources play an important role in replacing conventional fossil fuel energy resources. Photovoltaic energy is one of the very promising renewable energy resources which grew rapidly in the past few years. Photovoltaics has one major problem and which is that with the variation of the operating conditions of the array, the voltage at which maximum power can be obtained from it also changes. In the thesis, a PV model is used to simulate actual PV arrays behavior, and then a Maximum Power Point tracking method and wind energy system using Feed Forward Neural networks is proposed in order to control the power. Further more,the proposed feed forward neural network technique using hybrid system is compared with the ANFIS(adaptive neuro fuzzy interference system). Simulation results shows that the proposed feed forward neural network maximum power point tracking method gives faster response than the ANFIS

The thermal performance of two solar collectors (batch system)was experimentally tested. Experiments were carried out during seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt. In January, inlet water temperatures for both models were around 17 oC , and outlet temperatures were 27 and 23oC for models A and B respectively, while in July, inlet water temperatures for both models were around 35 oC, and outlet temperatures were 55 and 49oC for model A and B respectively. Obtained results show that model (A) can rise water temperature higher than model (B) almost throughout the

The increasing demands of energy and oil, insecure energy resources and emission of hazardous gases have attracted the attention of the whole world towards renewable energy. In the world, at this time the future of energy is concentrated much amount on renewable energy sources as the fossil fuels are decreasing and becoming costly day by day. This proposes very simple, low cost, high reliable, photovoltaic monitoring system. Lab-view is a virtual programming code. So we can write simple codes in programming them to do assigned task for it. The time taken for writing code in a lab view is very less compared to the MATLAB and SIMULINK. In this project, we will monitor the data of PV solar cell using Lab VIEW software. First of all, solar radiation will come on solar cell. Next, charge will controlled by charge controller and also save the battery from overcharging. Then, from the battery, given sensor will sense the parameter of solar cell. The sensed data will be given to Lab-view software in this project.

(AI) channels, two analog output (AO) channels, 12 DIO channels with a full-speed USB interface. Here, it has two parts, one comprises analog input pins (1 to 16) and alternate side has the digital input pins (17 to 32). AIx pins are the input channels where input analog quantities are to be given whereas AO pins are the output channels where the output is to be obtained.