Chapter Discussion Questions
1. Discuss the reasons that companies embark on cross-border strategic alliances. What other motivations may prompt such alliances?
The text notes five motives for cross border alliances: 1) to avoid import barriers, licensing requirements and other protectionist legislation; 2) to share the costs and risks of the research and development of new products and processes; 3) to gain access to specific markets; 4) to reduce political risk while making inroads into a new market; and, 5) to gain rapid entry into a new or consolidating industry, and to take advantage of synergies. Each firm is faced with its own environmental conditions and this may prompt a strategic alliance for other reasons. The GM-Toyota
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Innovation move is certain in partnership relationship. A cooperation accomplice can rapidly realize everything it needs to think around engineering from its accomplice. When that happens, it probably won't needs its accomplice so as to direct business. Generally, the first of the accomplices to completely take in the other's innovation or business hones obsoletes the wander. The content calls this the "race to learn." so as to lessen this danger; firms now and then "rope-off" certain touchy regions from their accomplices. A vital partnership is a troublesome idea in a few ways – collaborating with a contender – and this may obliges specific activity to abstain from reinforcing the position of the contender. Toward the end of part case on Lenovo, IBM will need to verify that the affiliation they keep up with this Chinese organization does not bargain restrictive information which is IBM's preferred
4. What are the common sources of incompatibility in cross-border alliances? What can be done in order to minimize them?
Differences in culture can cause differences in objectives, leadership style, strategy, governance, control and compensation among other issues. There can also be regulatory differences in the host country that preclude operating the business in the traditional style. Minimizing these difficult areas requires attention paid up front to the
1.) According to Lao-tzu, what must the ruler provide the people with if they are to be happy?
3. In my opinion, behavior is the most important leadership perspective for an HCO leader because traits and skills can be acquired through experience and built upon. Also, the behavior theory is unlike the other two because it focuses on what a leader does versus what they have (skills/traits). Granted, behavior can be improved too, but I think that the initial impression of a leader’s behaviors affects and sets the tone for their workers (either in a negative or positive way) more than the other two perspectives.
1. Long-distance commerce acted as a motor of change in pre-modern world history by altering consumption and daily life. Essential food and useful tools such as salt were traded from the Sahara desert all the way to West Africa and salt was used as a food preserver. Some incenses essential to religious ceremonies were traded across the world because there was a huge demand for them. Trade diminished economic self-sufficiency by creating a reliance on traded goods and encouraged people to specialize and trade a particular skill. Trade motivated the creation of a state due to the wealth accumulated from controlling and taxing trade. Trade posed the problem of if the government or private
3. Tina incorporates her sole proprietorship with assets having a fair market value of $100,000 and an adjusted
4. Marketing agencies play a major role in popular culture because they control what viewers see when they see them and how the product is portrayed, is it good is it bad is it useful?
Along with Auguste Comte, another influential philosopher and scientist was Charles Darwin. Darwin presented the idea of natural selection and evolution in the 19th century. Darwin said that variations within a specific species will kill off the weaker members will die off and the stronger members will survive, based on Malthus' theory that population will always outgrow the amount of supplies.
“It is obvious that a man cannot just be; he can only be what he is by doing what he does; his moral qualities are ascribed to him because of his actions, which are said to manifest those qualities. But the point is that an ethic of Being must include this obvious fact, that Being involves Doing, whereas an ethics of Doing, such as I have been examining may easily overlook it. “The heroes and saints did not merely give us principle to live by……: they gave us an examples to follow.’’ ( Mayo, 314)
Although partners learn from each other through alliances, promoting inter-firm learning happens when all participants acknowledge a number of critical factors that help or hinder collaboration (Dickson et al., 1997). Compatibility is a critical factor when companies decide to join with one another, and management on both sides examine if the partnership will deliver desired results (Dickson et al., 1997). Although partnering with businesses that offer
1. How would you respond when someone makes a decision that adversely affects you while saying “it’s nothing personal it’s just business”? Is business impersonal?
Making business abroad can be risky, but it can also be profitable for a company as well; thus the necessity to study in deep the country where the company will bring the business to. International companies are faced with many cultural challenges, when doing business across and inside of different borders. Identifying the significant cultural issues involved when evaluating the attractiveness of a particular location as a place for doing business can be crucial for a business. Aspects to consider when studying culture in a new place
1. Explain the reasoning behind the wintertime expression, “Clear moon, frost soon”? On clear, calm nights, objects and the earth surface cools off by emitting infrared radiation. This cooling effect is more rapid on clear night than cloudy nights since there is no clouds to emit back to the surface. Hence the phrase “clear moon, frost soon”. The cool surface is then mixed with air above it, which will eventually cool to the dew point and water vapor will appear on the cooled surfaces. If the temperature continues to fall in the freezing range then the dew will freeze and frost will form.
Cultural differences between countries have strong effects on individual personality and behavior, as well as on organizational culture (Hofstede 2001). These differences can be a significant barrier for an international business leader. Failure to understand and adapt to these differences may
. Geert Hofstede (1980) describes culture as, ‘a source of conflict rather than synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster’. Justin Paul (2011) also supports this view stating that, human beings tend to have an instinct ‘deep inside’ that all human beings are the same. Therefore, if one goes into another country and makes decisions based on how one operates in one’s home country-‘the chances are that he or she will make some very bad decisions’ (Paul 2011). Hence, different types of factors need to be understood to ensure that you and the business are readily available to adapt to any change in culture or environment, this will be shown by a number of examples involving companies that have successfully set up business and others that have failed significantly all due to the lack of understanding of CCM.
1. Scheduling involves the timing of operations to achieve the efficient movement of units through a system. The overall objective of scheduling is faster movement of goods and services through a facility, better customer service and dependable delivery.
1. What is the strategic position of Baosteel and what are its motives for negotiating a three-way cross border, cross-shareholding alliance?