William Faulkner released his famous book, As I Lay Dying, in 1930 (Eldridge x). The thirties were a hard time for everyone involved; citizen, soldiers, government workers no one was excluded from the hardships of this excruciating time in America. The reason Americans were suffering so much was due to very recently coming out of the First World War, and then shortly after, falling into a nationwide state of economic depression. In 1932 employment rates were only “sixty percent of what they once were in 1929” (Eldridge xxi). Not only was the depression looming over American citizens, but many were still recovering from the effects WWI had on the world. World War I ended in 1919, which seemed to lead to prosperity in the United States of America, …show more content…
The reader can see a reflection of Jewel in the horse in a sense of wild freedom. Jewel is the horses’ only master, and the horse is a wild, free, beauty that symbolizes what every modernist wants. Jewel snuck out of his house as a teenager, during the middle of the night, and worked for the better part of a year this way so he could earn his own horse. He treats his new horse in a unique way. He will beat his horse, and then feed it; “Jewel kicks [the horse] in the stomach; the horse arches his neck back, cropped toothed; Jewel strikes him across the face with his fist and slides on to the trough and mounts upon it” (Faulkner 701-702). This type of interaction between the man and his horse is unique because of the emotions behind the actions. Beating the horse shows anger, and also dominance. The anger to his horse is because of the people around him, and the way they make him feel, so he takes it out on his horse. The dominance is clearly shown when Jewel beats the horse; Jewel feels he has to do this with his horse because Jewel is the horses’ owner. Establishing dominance between the two meant establishing a bond. The bond was important in creating the connection between himself and the world around him. Feeding for, tending to, and showing attention to an animal helped Jewel to create a connection between the human and the animal. These actions of beating the horse, then loving it are irrational. A man who worked so hard to obtain this animal, just to beat it whenever he pleases is an irrational action; but this is a reflection of Modernism. Modernists were very irrational in most of their decision making. The connection became so strong between Jewel and his horse that his family began to say that Jewel’s mother is a horse. “…Jewel’s mother is a horse” (Faulkner 731). This is all a reflection of Modernism, and how people felt in their daily lives. Jewel connects with the horse because the horse is simple and true. Humans are
Black Beauty uses first-person narratives to interpret the new environment and how the horse feels about the changes. In quote 1, it states, “I had of course been used to a halter and a headstall, and to be led about in the fields and lanes quietly, but now I was to have a bit and bridle, my master gave me some oats as usual, and after a good deal of coaxing he got the bit into my mouth, and the bridle fixed, but it was a nasty thing”. It is comparing how Black Beauty used to roam around the field, but now his master started to put on riding gear. The horse felt discomfort when he was first introduced to the bit. The point of view is important because the reader is viewing how Black Beauty went through a new experience that was uncomfortable to get used to. Even though the horse was shown kindness, it was not happy with the new gear. In quote 2, it states, “It certainly did feel queer, but must
The author of As I Lay Dying, William Faulkner, really contributes to the aspects of literature through his ability to tell a seemingly incredible story through only the “stream-of-consciousness” technique. Faulkner takes his insight beyond the piece, through other’s views and thoughts. Although the characters might be acting differently upon each subject or handling each action in opposite ways, the tone and theme that he uses really brings the whole piece to a perfect balance. In As I Lay Dying, Faulkner displays contradicting elements through the reactions of the family members towards the mother’s death with the use of dialogue, tone, imagery, and internal conflict.
William Faulkner in his book, As I Lay Dying, portrays a Mississippi family which goes through many hardships and struggles. Faulkner uses imagery to illustrate an array of central themes such as the conscious being or existence and poverty among many others. From the first monologue, you will find an indulgence of sensual appeal, a strong aspect of the novel. Each character grows stronger and stronger each passage. One of the themes in As I Lay Dying is a human's relations to nature. Faulkner uses imagery to produce a sense of relation between animals and humans.
However, Jewel has a much different view of their journey. Jewel sees it as a way to make up to his mother for not being there when she passed (Faulkner 48). Therefore, he does everything in his power to get her there . . . including running into a burning barn and nearly drowning to save her coffin (Faulkner 154 and 221). These acts, although seemingly heroic, arise as truly selfish and shallow. These shallow acts can exist through Jewels “pale eyes” which look “like wood” (Faulkner 4). This simile compares Jewel to a simple substance which mirrors how his actions towards his mother are self-absorbed. Wood is two dimensional and shallow. When Jewels refuses to let the past go and continuously holds on to the idea of upsetting his mother, he in turn works for his own benefit. Jewel seeks his mother's approval out of self absorption and not out of love; he acts shallow and hollow like wood. In turn, Jewel ignores his siblings and continues to push towards
William Cuthbert Faulkner (changed from the original spelling Falkner) was an American novelist. He usually wrote his novels, books, and poems in a mighty ways. This was one of the reason why only readers who pay strict attention to details can understand his writing’s main idea. Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, in 1897. He came from a wealth family. His family lost all its financial power like other southerners did during the Civil War. Most of Faulkner’s early works were poetry, but he became famous for his novels set in the American South. He is best known for his novels such as The Sound And The Fury and As I Lay Dying. The novel As I Lay Dying is one of his novels written in a challenging way. Faulkner did not go back to his novel As I Lay Dying and change a word after he finished writing it.
Most works of literature often use events and objects to display a deeper meaning to the current situation. In As I Lay Dying, by William Faulkner, there are many references that connect the Bundren family to mythological, Biblical, and classical allusions. Faulkner’s use of various types of allusions emphasizes the characters’ behavior and relationship to each other.
His family wasfinancially stable, but his father, Murry, was an alcoholic. Their family dinners were done silentand Murry unexpectedly left town for a couple of days and then came back. Faulkner’s mother,Maud, was an independent, hardheaded woman. Murry and Maud fought really often. WilliamFaulkner’s books explore family dynamics, race, gender, and social class. Faulkner was somewhat misfit. It is said that he used to invent stories about himself. (“As I Lay Dying Analysis”).As I Lay Dying was a required to read in Pulaski County High School, a high school inSomerset, Kentucky as a reading assignment in an advanced English class. The book waschallenged because the book contains profanity and a part about masturbation. School boardmembers were concerned for the book’s language and dialect. Central High School in Loisville,Kentucky decided to ban the book for profanity and confusion on the existence of God (“Bannedand/or Challenged Books from the Radcliffe Publishing Course Top 100 Novels of the 20thCentury”). Some of the bans were quickly reversed, but some remained banned (Baldassarro,“As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner”). “Then I would wait until they all went to sleep so I could lie with my shirt-tail up,hearing them asleep, feeling myself without touching myself, feeling the cool silence blowingupon my parts and wondering if Cash was yonder in the darkness doing it too, had been doing itperhaps for
The 1930’s was an era of harsh times for the American until they entered World War II. The stock market crash and dustbowl contributed to the start of the downfall of America for a period of time. Franklin D. Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover both
William Faulkner began writing As I Lay Dying, his self-proclaimed “tour-de-force”, on October 25, 1929, the day after the stock markets crashed. As I Lay Dying is a piece of literature that exemplifies the beginning of the Modernism movement. At this point, traditional literary conventions and practices were boring and dated, and writers like Faulkner experimented with new writing techniques. The avant-guard methods and techniques are seen in As I Lay Dying with its fickle and sometimes vacillate plot, the constant shift in narrative voice, and ambiguous timeline, as well as in the stream of consciousness passages
Exploring the Layers of Maternity and Southern Womanhood in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying
The modern world is in the midst of reconstructing gender roles; debates about contraception, reproductive freedom, and female inequality are contentious and common. The majority now challenges the long established assertion that women’s bodies are the eminent domain of patriarchal control. In the past, a woman’s inability to control her reproductive choices could come with ruinous consequences. Proponents of patriarchal control argue against reproductive independence with rhetoric from religious texts and with anecdotes of ‘better days,’ when women were subservient. Often, literature about childbearing fails to acknowledge the possibility of women being uninterested in fulfilling the role of motherhood.
Born in 1897, William Faulkner was born into a traditional southern family in Mississippi. Throughout his career, Faulkner chronicled the effects of the Great Depression in the postbellum South with his short stories and novels. Following an era of excess and luxury, the Great Depression revolutionized the life of Americans living in the southern states. The economic turmoil brought on by the recession increased existing racial tensions and heightened the disparity between the upper and middle classes. Although it takes place approximately forty-five years prior, allusions to the Great Depression can be seen throughout William Faulkner’s short story “Barn Burning” in the racial and social clashes between Abner and the surrounding community, along with the lifestyle of the Snopes family.
American life prior to World War II may have not been the best from 1931-1939. Already in the Great Depression that started in 1929 people were left very discouraged and hopeless. In 1932 the economy was the worst it had ever been, it had hit rock bottom (p. 850). Many had lost their jobs and over 11 million Americans could not find work (p. 850). America was at its worst and people were hungry, suicide rates had risen and people were having less children than ever before. People’s reaction to the
His actually education only goes as far as one year at the University of Mississippi. After leaving Oxford and living in New Haven, Connecticut for a few years, Faulkner joined the British Royal Flying Corps. He never served active duty, as the war ended before his training did. Faulkner returned home and began writing poetry. But his early writing was more of the traditional style- a mix of Shakespeare, Victorian, and Edwardian. It wasn’t until a trip to New Orleans in 1925 that he began to fiddle with his writing style, after a friend encouraged him to write more Southern based prose. His style also grew as he began reading James Joyce, a “high” modernist writer, and Sigmund Freud, and also took a trip to Europe- the center of modernist writing. With these influences, Faulkner began writing novels about Southern society, with an emphasis on the psychology of the characters. For example, in his novel The Sound and the Fury, Faulkner writes from four different points of view; the first three sections are of each of the three brother’s point of view, and the last section is omniscient. His writing also plays with chronology, not always following a specific timeline. The disjointedness of time is very prominent in As I Lay Dying. About the death of a mother, the 59 inner monologues and fifteen characters make the book more about the characters psychology rather than a
In the novel, As I Lay Dying, by William Faulkner, Faulkner uses conflict as a way to develop the story and engage the reader. The Bundren family is used by Faulkner specifically because they have the most opportunity for unfortunate events to occur. Within the Bundren family, internal and external conflicts become a part of the family’s daily routine, and an average occurrence. Internal Conflict is a conflict that occurs within a character and an external conflict is a conflict that occurs between a character and an outside force. Both types of conflict are popular in the novel. The use of internal and external conflict in As I Lay Dying is beneficial to the novel's meaning by furthering the plot. Faulkner’s use of internal conflict and external conflict assist in moving the story along and allowing the reader to read between the lines to see the darkness in this Southern Gothic.