Characteristics Of A Chromosomal Disorder Essay

Jane O'Brien: Chromosomes are tiny, threadlike structures inside most cells of every organism, or living thing. Chromosomes carry information about the organism in units called genes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.Down Syndrome is an autosomal genetic disorder.. Down Syndrome Is caused by having an extra copy of Chromosome 21, so instead of 2 copies, you have 3. This is an autosomal disorder and is not sex-linked. This usually occurs due to abnormal cell division when they egg and the sperm meet during fertilization.

Intellectual disability is becoming more common in today’s society. According to the literature, Down syndrome (DS) is the leading cause, with an incidence rate of 1 in every 700 live births. 5,500 newborns are affected each year in the United States (Abbeduto, Warren, & Conners, 2007; Roberts, Price, & Malkin, 2007). The most common etiology of DS is Trisomy 21, which accounts for 98% of cases. Trisomy 21 is where the individual is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Roberts, Price, & Malkin, 2007, p.26). Another cause of DS is known as Translocation. Translocation occurs when part of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome. The least common cause is Mosaicism, which is the result of a “nondisjunction of chromosome 21 that places an extra copy of the chromosome in some, but not all, cells” (Roberts, Price, & Malkin, 2007, p.26). Therefore, “DS is associated in multiple organ systems and a characteristic phenotype that includes physical as well as

Central Idea/Thesis: The most common type of chromosomal condition is Down syndrome and there are a few different types of this condition, along with, several different traits that are displayed with this condition.

. Down syndrome is not a disease that someone catches and is not caused by difficulties during the pregnancy, it is a genetic condition. This condition is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in the body’s cells and causes a redundant amount of proteins to be formed. All cells of the body derive from a single cell formed by the fusion of a father’s sperm and a mother’s egg. Each cell carries a nucleus full of genetic material known as genes. These genes are inherited from both the mother and father. Each cell normally contains 46 pairs of chromosomes. 23 chromosomes come from one parent and 23 from the other, hence the 46 pairs. When it comes to children with down syndrome, one of the chromosomes does not separate properly and so the

The increased risk of Down syndrome in 40 year old women is believed to be caused by errors which can crop up in the eggs’ genetic material as they age (Down-Syndrome Screening: A One-parent test for a Two-parent; The Atlantic 2017). Normally, there are 46 chromosomes in a cell; 23 from the egg and the

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that numerous individuals around the world suffer from; it is an intellectual disability that is caused by having one too many chromosome 21 copies, trisomy 21. The average person has two copies of chromosome 21 in each cell, whereas, an individual with Down syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21. This happens when either the sperm or egg cell undergoes atypical cell division during development. In the United States, there are approximately 400,000 individuals who have been diagnosed with Down syndrome, according to the last census in 2012 (National Down Syndrome Society).

Answer: The most common form of Down syndrome is known as Trisomy 21, a condition where individuals have 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46. This is caused by an error in cell division called nondisjunction, which leaves a sperm or egg cell with an extra copy of chromosome 21 before or at conception. To the genes when the cell division occurs is when the extra chromosome goes to find a cell and attaches

The aetiology of Downs syndrome which means the cause of a specific disease (Mcferran, 2014). Suggests that when one of the chromosomes in reproduction do not separate properly this is when Down’s Syndrome is caused (Steven, 2005). This extra chromosome causes physical developmental defects this causes reduced muscle tone, a small mouth with a projecting tongue and eyes that slant downwards and upwards and causing the back of their head to be flat. Many babies born with Down's Syndrome are diagnosed with the condition after birth and are likely to have many physical defects for example they may have reduced muscle tone, eyes that slant upwards and outwards, a small mouth with a protruding tongue and a flat back of the head. (Hartley, 2015). Down Syndrome patients can also be afflicted with other conditions, including heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and leukemia (WHO, 2010). This could effect children and adults through out their life also effecting their physical and mental health.

John Langdon Down was the first to write an accurate description of Down syndrome . Down syndrome is one of the most common disorders among children in America, which is why it is so well known. Down syndrome has three different types: trisomy 21, mosaicism, and translocation(1). When it comes to the different types trisomy 21 is the most common. This is when every cell has an extra chromosome 21 and babies with this type tend to have a wide variety of different symptoms. Mosaicism is the next common form of Down syndrome. When it comes to this type the individual has extra chromosome 21 in only some of their cells. Babies with mosaicism tend to have fewer symptoms. For translocation, the kids who have this only have one extra piece of chromosome

When a baby is conceived, the baby receives 23 chromosomes from each parent, equaling 46 chromosomes. Sometimes during this creation a sperm or egg cell can causes that cell to contain 24 chromosomes. When this abnormal cell is included in the conception of a baby, that baby will have 47 chromosomes. The extra chromosome causes Down syndrome. After fertilization; cells start to divide rapidly. Depending on how the cell divides determines what type of Down syndrome the child has. Mosaic Down syndrome is obtained when a cell divides abnormally, creating a string of cells with the extra chromosome. A child with Mosaic Down syndrome has both cells: the normal 46 chromosomes, and the Down syndrome 47 chromosomes. It is believed that babies with Mosaic Down syndrome experience mild symptoms of the disorder.

Down syndrome is one of the most common genetic disorders in the United States with 1 out of close to every 700 births being linked to the disorder. When identifying the cause of Down syndrome, again we have to look at the extra, very important part of chromosome 21 that occurs in all or some associated with Down syndrome. Although there is no real scientific research showing that Down syndrome is caused by environmental factors or even the parents ' activities before or during pregnancy, research has shown that it increases in

Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs when a persons 46 chromosomes abnormally divides into 47 chromosomes, creating a full or partial 3rd copy of the chromosome 21.

The population increase for adults with down syndrome is reflective for medical advancements over the past thirty years (Matthews). Medical researchers are trying to uncover more details about Down Syndrome since the population is increasing. Many people might think that there might be something wrong with the parents since the population of having Downs is more increased from over the

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. There are three genetic variations that cause Down syndrome: Trisomy 21, Mosaic Trisomy 21 or Translocation Trisomy 21. There are many ways in which theses disorders affect the body.  Trisomy 21 occurs when an egg or sperm comes in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then, once an embryo is formed and starts to develop, the chromosome is replicated in every single cell of the embryo. Trisomy 21 is the most common type of Down syndrome. About 92% of Down syndrome patients have this type. People with Trisomy usually have physical problems.

“CHROMOSOMAL ABBERATIONS AND DOWN SYNDROME” submitted to AMITY INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Dr. SANJEEV KUMAR (Sr.)