Characterization Of One Dimensional Vapex

Temperature is known as one of the factors that affect the solubility of a gas in its solvent. Because the enthalpy of solution for gases dissolved in waters is usually

6. The solubility of the solids were tested using a micro tray, by placing them in water and oil to observe their polarity,

Small pockets of the specific liquid, that contains trapped gas, that is then released to the

The actual value of vegetable oil was found to be 0.0346 Ns/m2. Our average experimental value obtained was 1.372 Ns/m2, so this must either mean there was an error in the calculations, or the wrong actual value was obtained.

The density of the solvent is = 0.784 kg/L and the specific gravity is 0.754.

Solutions are formed by mixing a solute in a solvent. A unique characteristic of solutions is that they have colligative properties, which can be defined as properties that solely depend on the solute’s concentration of molecules, not the identity of the solute. Colligative properties include reducing the vapor pressure, elevating the boiling point, depressing the freezing point, and osmotic pressure.1 In this particular experiment, the colligative property freezing point depression will be focused on. Freezing point depression was discovered by a French chemist named Francois-Marie Raoult. Raoult found that adding a solute to a solvent resulted in an overall decrease in the freezing point temperature of the solvent.2 Calculations involved in this experiment include two basic equations. One equation will calculate molality, and the other will calculate the change in freezing point temperature using the freezing point depression constant, the solution’s molality, and the van’t Hoff factor. The van’t Hoff factor is determined by finding the number of ions that a compound will dissociate into. In this experiment, freezing point depression will be utilized to determine the molecular weights and identities of two unknown compounds.

Verify the density and viscosity of the original pure oil, and then make a set of supplying time of the pure oil.

With polymer all you have to do is package it, then set the package in the water. When you put the package of polymer in the water what it does is really spectacular; it adsorbs, only attaching to the outside, the oil and that makes it a whole lot easier to pick it up (Oil spill Clean-up experiment). Another experiment is a girl puts water in a aluminum container, then put in oil. She first used the sponge, then cornmeal, then the cotton ball (Oil spill project).

By manipulating the ideal gas law (PV=nRT), we will be determining the molar mass of an unknown volatile liquid. Heating a flask filled with an unknown, easily evaporated liquid will allow for measurements that can be taken to work out the ideal gas equation. This lab will require knowledge of basic equations used in chemistry. Using these equations, such as density and number of moles(n), we can substitute different values into the ideal gas law to manipulate it.

An examination of VE data in Tables 3.2.1 - 3.2.3 shows that, the values of VE are negative for all the binary mixtures over the entire composition range at T = (303.15-318.15) K. The excess molar volume VE of liquid mixtures depends on the size and shape of the molecules and intermolecular forces. Geometrical packing effects, free volume effects and strong specific interactions like hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole or donor-acceptor interactions, influence considerably the VE value in a complex manner.

As mentioned in the discussion, olive oil, vegetable oil, crisco, and lard were soluble in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in polar solvents. This is due to the chemical composition of polar and nonpolar substances which results from the molecular shape as well as properties of dissolving solutes in solution. Polar substances are hydrophilic and contain polar Van Der Waals interactions (intermolecular forces) such as dipole-dipole forces, ion-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding. Nonpolar substances are hydrophobic and contain non-polar Van Der Waals interactions. ‘Like dissolve like’ is the reason only polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and why nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Molecules with similar polarity have similar intermolecular forces and therefore, can interact with each, or in this case dissolve9. Additionally, the solubility of a compound is determined by the length of the hydrocarbon chain. Long hydrocarbon chains such as the one found in oleic acid makes a compound more insoluble10. Therefore, since the lipids used in this experiment were hydrophobic substances and each lipid has long hydrocarbon chains, the results were consistent with the scientific literature and principles.

Rectangular formations of dots are observed in Figure 5, and their dependence on their respective density. For the low (1.5 mm) to medium (1.15 mm) density transition, the flow is reduced as expected. However, a different result is obtained by further increasing the density. Interestingly, as the density is increased to 0.65 mm, the flow seems to get faster as compared to the medium and low density. This odd result can be explained by looking at the flow the oil progressing inside the channel. A greater density would mean lesser distance in between the successive dots. This would result in an increased oleophilic clinging action of oleic acid and more importantly as the dots come closer, the channel seems to divide itself in three smaller channels and thereby reducing the tortuous path. Although the resistance factor is still there, the tortuous path is reduced, thus increasing the flow velocity. As compared to the plain channel, the flow is still slower as shown in Figure 5. This decrease can be noted in terms of time taken to travel a certain distance. This distance chosen for study was 26.25 mm. In the case of low density of 1.15 mm, the time was 4,670 s. The time

In recent years, several Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) projects have proven effective for the recovery of heavy oil and bitumen and solvent assisted projects have shown positive indication of improved performance. The important factor that controls the performance of Solvent Assisted SAGD is the solvent type, injection ratio, injection strategy and operating pressures. This process reduces the effective Steam-Oil Ratio (SOR) of SAGD. However, this comes at a cost as a part of the injected solvent is retained in the reservoir and lost in terms of economics. The smaller the cost, the better are the economics of the process. Most of the studies carried out in the Petroleum World are based on optimizing few design parameters, but in this study we would be discussing the optimization of operating parameters.

Maximize the recovery of heavy constituents of the intermediate elements (C3H8, C4H10, and C5H12) in crude oil.

A methodology has been developed for making low compressive strength cores that will be used to experimentally examine the Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) process occurring in unconsolidated oil reservoirs. The main objective is to experimentally model wormhole (high permeability channel) development during CHOPS and investigate the effect of various flow parameters such as core permeability and porosity, compressive strength, oil/water viscosity contrast, confining pressure and injection rate. Modeling the wormhole development and propagation will enable us be able to developing approximate Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) curves.