Charcot Arthropathy

They include: heart and blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gums and teeth. In regards to the heart and blood vessels, there are approximately 65% of death that is caused by diabetes due to major complication of heart disease and stroke. In the peripheral artery diseases diabetes also plays a major role in the cause of poor blood flow in the legs and feet. Many studies show that controlling diabetes can prevent or stop the progression of heart and blood vessel disease. Blood vessel damage or nerve damage may also lead to foot problems that can lead to amputations. More than 60% of leg and foot amputations not related to an injury are due to diabetes. Another complication of diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in the U.S. There has been a number of eye problems that if not addressed can lead to eye blindness which include: glaucoma,cataracts and diabetic retinopathy. Ninety percent of diabetic-related blindness as study shown could be prevented if there would be regular eye exams and timely treatment of diabetes-related eye problems. Furthermore, kidney failure is also one leading cause of further complication that resulted from uncontrolled diabetes in the U.S. It is said that drugs that help lower blood pressure can help the chance to developing kidney failure by 33%. Also diabetes on nerves can lead to loss of sensation or pain and burning of the feet because nerves are harmed due to over time high blood sugar levels. It can also

Those who are diabetic may also be in risk of blindness (diabetic retinopathy) and nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy). Diabetic neuropathy can lead to numbness in hands and feet, foot ulcers, and eventual limb amputation (World Health Organization). Taking preventive steps can help to avoid many of the complications of diabetes.

Diabetic neuropathy can occur with long-term diabetes, usually after several years of uncontrolled high blood glucose. Glucose proteins, called glycoproteins, form in the nerves primarily those in the legs and feet. When the nerves in the feet are damaged, the brain cannot recognize pain in that area. Nerve damage from diabetic neuropathy can lead to weakness in the muscles in the legs and feet. Since the muscles work as a system, neuropathy can lead to other foot problems, such as hammertoes, calluses, bunions, and other foot deformities. These deformities are dangerous because of the risk of infection. A simple blister from a tight shoe can spell disaster

It is estimated that 387 million people, globally live with diabetes (Phillips & Mehl, 2015). According to Medical News Today [MNT], diabetes is a metabolic disorder; which causes patients to be extremely thirsty and produce a lot of urine. Diabetes arises due to high blood pressure, due to the body not being able to produce enough insulin or because the body does not respond well to high insulin levels (MNT, 2016). There are four types of diabetes; there is the pre-diabetic stage, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. In 2014, 29 million people died due to diabetes. This equates to 1 diabetic patient dying every seven seconds due to preventable complications (including complications affecting lower limbs) caused by diabetes. It is said that 20-40% of health care costs are spent on the treatment of lower limb complications due to diabetes. The risk of a diabetic patient developing a foot ulcer is 25% and foot ulcers account approximately 85% of lower limb amputations. Diabetic complications that affect lower limbs are caused by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (Phillips & Mehl, 2015). It is said that the World Health Organization described diabetic foot syndrome as including all possible complications in relation to the feet of a diabetic patient. Diabetic foot syndrome is defined as the ulceration of the foot, from the ankle downwards. Causes of foot ulceration include peripheral sensory neuropathy, vascular disease (ischaemia) and infection

Vascular diseases that prevent blood flow to the small vessels are common in people with diabetes. This condition can affect the feet in particular, so you should make regular visits to a podiatrist. People with diabetes also have a reduced ability to heal even minor blisters and cuts. A podiatrist can monitor your feet for any serious infections that could lead to gangrene and amputation.

The Claimant asserted he has experienced cracked, and dry skin that cut and formed blisters on his right foot and toes, as well as his left foot. Most noteworthy, the Claimant’s Supervisor, Ms. Joyita Levi concurred and knew of a pre-existing diabetic condition that the Claimant would complain about standing for long periods at a time while he suffered from diabetic ulcers to both of his feet.

In addition, there is a risk of Arthritis if the deformity is left untreated for a given reason, but that is rarely the case. Not only are there physical effects but emotional effects. The child may experience a lack of self esteem especially during adolescence which could end in frustration and maybe depression. Walking adjustments such as casts or special shoes have a positive and a negative effect. Large sores or calluses have a tendency to develop with the abnormal walking pattern. In result this would give the child or adult an awkward walk (Mayo Clinic). Types of clubfoot very between three categories: idiopathic, positional, and syndrome. Idiopathic clubfoot can very from a vast majority of cases but most of which are relatively unknown. The child’s foot or feet affected by idiopathic clubfoot are rigid or stiff hence making them harder to fix and manipulate. Secondly there comes Positional clubfoot, which is caused by the baby's prenatal position within the womb. Positional is easier to manipulate and can be fixed by hand. Syndrome clubfoot, is part of a larger syndrome and is especially difficult to treat. Even with treatment

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetes and can result in foot ulceration, ampuation and an impaired quality of life(Carrington AL, et al 2002,Boulton AJ,et al 2004). The reported prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy ranges from 16% to as high as 66%2 and its prevelance is believed to increase with the duration of diabetes and poor glucose control.(Boulton AJ.et al 2000) It’s accounts for 50–75% of non-traumatic amputations in diabetic patients.(Holzer SE, et al 1998, Boulton AJM, 1998,Malay DS, et al 2006)

Orphan diseases are rare diseases that affect less than 200,00 people nationwide. Due to the fact that they are not commonly found, they are are often overshadowed by more prevalent diseases, such as malaria or hepatitis. Therefore, this is often not enough government funding needed to research these diseases. Charcot Marie Tooth Disease (CMT) is one of the most common, yet unknown, rare neurological disorders. This disease mainly affects the nervous systems, often impairing motor skills and causing the decaying of muscles in the arms and legs. Charcot Marie Tooth Disease was first discovered in the early 1900s by Professor Jean Martin Charcot and Pierre Marie of France, and Henry Howard Tooth of England (Muscular Dystrophy Association). There

Those with diabetes usually face foot problems due to the high levels of sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream. This can cause nerve damage and reduce the effectiveness of blood flow ,leading to foot problems. As podiatrists ,they understand that looking after a client 's feet is necessary. When patients experience foot pains or develop or

Femoral anteversion is a condition in which the thigh bone or femur is twisted inwardly, resulting in the in-turning of the knees and feet. The gait is typically pigeon-toed. The stance of the affected toddler or child shows a bowed-leg appearance because of the position of the femur. This actually improves the balance of the child, however. On the other hand, holding a position with the feet together or turned out can cause the child to become unsteady and to fall more often.

The diabetic foot should be inspected carefully on regular basis is one of the easiest, least expensive and most effective activities that prevent the foot problems. The patients with high risk of getting DFU should be identified and assess the neurological and vascular deficits. The heal care personnel must carry out careful physical examination and foot examination and appropriate history collection to avoid unnecessary amputations. (Armstrong, 2000).

Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy (CN), generally alluded to as the Charcot foot, is a condition influencing the bones, joints, and delicate tissues of the foot and lower leg, portrayed by aggravation in the most punctual stage. The Charcot foot has been recorded to happen as a result of different fringe neuropathies; be that as it may, diabetic neuropathy has turned into the most widely recognized etiology. The association of a few part factors (diabetes, tactile engine neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, injury, and metabolic irregularities of bone) brings about an intense confined fiery condition that may prompt changing degrees and examples of bone obliteration, subluxation, separation, and deformation. The trademark distortion related

The anatomy of the foot is very complex. There are twenty six bones in each foot. The bones in both feet equal one-quarter of the bones in the human body. There are thirty three joints and over one hundred muscles, tendons and ligaments in the foot as well. The longest bones of the foot are known as the metatarsals. There are five in each foot with the fifth being on the exterior of the foot and the first on the interior. On the end of each metatarsal there are phalanges, better known to most people as toes. The phalanges and metatarsals are the easiest to break or injure from weight bearing activities. According to the

The diabetic foot disease is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower-limb amputation and results from three common pathologies: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and infection. Late complications include foot ulceration, Charcot neuroarthropathy and amputation (Turns, 2013, p.422) though another specialist like, Iraj who wrote Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcer, added to the most common facts: deformities and minor