Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

For this assignment, I will use the websites, lab and materials from this week and complete an internet search of my own on chromosomes. I will write a two- page essay that explains how conditions caused by extra or missing chromosomes reflect a meiotic error. I will also choose two conditions or diseases to review. Also, distinguish among the modes of inheritance.

DNA molecules were unique to an individual with the exception of monozygotic twins. Due to

The event in which a tetrad doesn’t split into homologous chromosomes or a homologous chromosome doesn’t split into sister chromatids, which causes an imbalance in the chromosome count of the produced gametes.

Gene mutations are also known as point mutations and they involve changes in the structure of a gene due to the change in their chemical nature. Examples of three main mutations that occur in a gene are:

Cloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep 's and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. ("Cloning Fact Sheet").

If untreated, causes weaker muscles, loss of sensation, difficulty in walking and breathing, and more

Developments in medicine have negatively impacted natural selection by causing an increase in genetic disorders. A genetic disorder can occur for many reasons. Sometimes chromosomes are missing or doubled. In other situations, the genetic code on chromosomes can get altered due to an anomaly when the RNA processes the information. Important information can be deleted, swapped, or completely altered. It is because of these changes in chromosomal DNA that changes in species come about. Genetic disorders are the negative effects of mutations in genes. For example, Sickle-cell anemia is a blood disorder which

Genetic disorders come in various forms. Some can be caused by mutations of the genes or chromosomes while others can be caused by a process called nondisjunction. Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes during meiosis do not separate correctly and the daughter cells receive too much or too little genetic information. Klinefelter's is caused by nondisjunction which results in an extra X chromosome being present in a male.

Many people are affected by genetic disorders every day. Abnormalities in one’s DNA are what cause a genetic disorder. These disorders could be as little as a mutation in a single gene. In another case, they could be as severe as having an extra chromosome, or taking away a chromosome.

Cri-du-Chat syndrome, or 5p- syndrome is a chromosomal condition where chromosome 5 is missing and occurs in newborn children. The name is a French translation for “cry of the cat” because it sounds just like a cat’s screech. The disease is caused by an abnormal larynx development and usually becomes less noticeable as the child gets older. Since the disease becomes less noticeable through aging, after the age of two, it is very hard for doctors to diagnose a child with it. TERT( Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase), is one of the important genes in cell division that gets deleted because it helps keep the tips of chromosomes in

This concept is also known as the “loss of heterozygosity”. In genetics, heterozygosity is when a person has two different alleles. The “loss of heterozygosity” refers to the event when two mismatched BRCA genes, one mutated and one normal, suddenly becomes two mutated BRCA alleles due to spontaneous mutation.

known risk factor is advanced maternal age-at age 35, a woman has 1 chance in

In meiosis the pairs of chromosomes (that code for possible outcomes of characteristics) temporarily join and exchange information (crossing over) creating different combinations of gene types (alleles). For example; a pair of chromosomes could be a dominant allele (gene type) and a recessive allele which might code for brown hair. After crossing over it might be recessive which could be blond hair.

There are many types of genetic conditions. Genetic mutations cause these genetic conditions. Genetic mutations can occur if there is an extra chromosome in a gene, if there is a missing chromosome, or even if there is a distorted chromosome. Some genetic conditions include autism, food allergies, and Down syndrome.

A chromosomal disorder is caused by an abundance or reduction of genes on the chromosomes. This type of disorder may also be caused by structural changes within these chromosomes; this is known as an aneuploidy (Porth, 2015). The most common chromosomal disorder is Down syndrome of which there are three types: complete trisomy 21, translocation, and mosaicism (Porth, 2015). Since its first identification in 1866, researchers have become more knowledgeable about the etiology of Down syndrome. When one studies etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of Down syndrome, he or she will begin to understand multiple chromosomal disorders.