Charles Baxter 's The Art Of Subtext

In Thomas Foster’s book, “How to Read Literature Like a Professor,” readers learn how to look past the surface of a literary work to find a deeper or hidden meaning. Writers use devices, such as symbolism, imagery, foreshadowing, irony and allusion to reveal these meanings. If these are overlooked, important aspects of the story can be lost. One literary device that Foster emphasizes in his book is allusion. Every story has elements of another story, and Foster devotes Chapters Four through Seven explaining the meaning of allusion in works by Shakespeare, the Bible, and fairy tales.

By choosing strong and well-thought out words, it allows the readers to better pay attention to detail and recollect more material. Influential diction causes the readers to become reeled in and intrigued in the novel. The narrator writes, “You’d fine the high school phenoms running circles around the overweight has-beens, guys who’d effortlessly played above-the-rim years ago now trying to catch their breath and salvage what was left of their once-stylish games” (Moore 44). Using words like ‘phenoms’ and ‘has-beens’ causes the author and the reader to relate. The narrator creates a connection between himself and his audience by using words his readers can understand and empathize with. Wes says, “You’d find the drug dealers there...smelling like a fresh haircut and with gear on that was too fine for sweating in” (Moore 44). Moore uses imagery and tugs at our senses to allow his audience to better picture the situation he is explaining and describing. Imagery, along with strong diction, generates a more engaging novel. The storyteller’s sentence structure varies from short to long. This allows the reader to stay interested and keeps the author’s sentences flowing easily. Wes Moore, the narrator, is guilty of inspiring and influential diction and

Based on his argument using a piece of story from his past, the writer conceptually supported his explanatory point of views on how skills can be developed with a passion of understanding the writer’s intention. I believe that the writer of this article addressed fundamental thoughts that should be useful in the process of reading as a writer, and on how to become a better writer.

In the article “Intertextuality and the Discourse Community” James Porter points out to the audience that there is no original piece or writing. Porter’s article addresses the concept of plagiarizing. He does not oppose that plagiarizing is wrong, rather he claims that it is inevitable. Porter argues that in all pieces of writing are intertexual. Intertexuality is the idea that all writings have traces and ideas from other past text. Intertextuality is important to completely understand a piece of writing.

Authors use various styles of writing to appeal to different types of audiences. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and “The Most Dangerous Job” by Eric Schlosser both utilize ethos, pathos, and logos writing styles to convince the audience of their ideals. An author uses ethos in writing to show his/her credentials and explain why he/she is credible. Pathos appeals to an audience’s emotions and makes the audience feel sympathy or pity. The author draws feelings out of the audience and compels the audience to feel what the author wishes them to feel. Logos uses facts, statistics, historical and literal analogies, and quotes from authorities on a subject to convince the audience with logic or reason. Upton Sinclair and Eric Schlosser have the goal of exposing the corruption in the meatpacking industry, but the authors develop their arguments through similar and contrasting approaches.

Depth of a story relies greatly on the author’s unique way of conveying a tone. There are many great examples of diction in any genre of literature, whether is be of someone’s feelings, a setting, a mood, a person, or an object. Without it, a story would be dull. Diction connects our senses to the actions, the setting, and the mood of a story, thus enveloping the reader into it, which is exemplified beautifully in “The Scarlet Ibis,” “The Most Dangerous Game,” and “The Necklace.”

Authors write to be understood and to show others their beliefs. They want to color a picture for you in the words they are writing. John Steinbeck used word choice, parallelism, and foreshadowing in Of Mice and Men in the same way a great artist creates a scene.

To read like a writer means knowing in advanced type of writing will be assigned. This is beneficial, Bunn argues, because when reading like a writer, knowing the style assigned, allows one to look for specific techniques in writing that they could adopt in their own work. To understand how piece was written, or to look back on his architect analogy, it is important to ask questions, assessing what “construction” techniques were effective in building a text. Before reading, one should ask himself who the audience is and the author's purpose in writing. While reading the texts itself, Bunn recommends looking at the style of language used and the effectiveness of evidence as well as the parts that don’t work or are confusing. While reading like a writer and asking these questions, Bunn encourages students to look for whether aspects are appropriate and effective as well as the positive or negative effect they have on readers. Bunn, in recognizing that every word choice made in a text has a certain effect, encourages readers to look critically at that effect in order to decide what strategies work should be adopted in their own

How does the writer use concrete language, word choice, narrative, examples, and analogies to tap readers? emotions, values, and imagination?

The world is a massive place full of endless literature, beginning from ancient scrolls to daily news articles, filled with many secrets, perspectives and surroundings that help connect literature to an individual’s daily life. Some writers use the skills of literary elements to express and discuss an event that has happened to them or what has happened to others. This helps others to comprehend the perspectives of the author’s understanding toward an incident that one might experience. For instance in Flannery O’Connor’s short story, she uses many literary elements to express her views over most of her stories. O’Connor expresses her views in her short story, “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” by using the literary elements of point of view, irony, and setting.

Authors use different genres of writing to portray their literary messages amongst these genres there are poems and short stories. Battle Royal written by Ralph Ellison is a short story about an African American boy who receives some cryptic advice from his grandfather that ultimately causes him to discover that he must stand up for African Americans and not be a coward like his grandfather was. The poem “We Wear the Mask” by Paul Dunbar is about dishonesty and deception, lying about ones feelings and in a sense hiding ones true emotions with a “mask.” Both of these forms of writing convey an overall message that people do not always speak the truth because they are afraid to do so. They hide behind a façade pretending to be something they are not, thinking they are doing what is best but in reality are only hurting themselves. The poem, “We Wear the Mask” does an overall better job at conveying this message than the short story, Battle Royal. “We Wear the Mask” communicates this message in a much clearer and concise manner. While in Battle Royal, the reader would have to do some research on the time period in order to fully understand the grandfather’s true meaning behind his words. Poetry uses symbolism, tone, and punctuation to provide deeper knowledge behind the author’s words and can give the reader a better understanding of the authors message in a few short stanza’s than a story could in a few pages.

Discuss How Tennessee Williams created Dramatic Climax in Page 127-130 of Streetcar Named Desire. The extract in questions closes scene 10 of ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’, and occurs after the argument with Mitch, where he states that Blanche is unfit for marriage and he attempts to embrace her. These events send Blanche into anguish, causing her to become enraged, and then she begins to have illusions about Shep, a rich suitor and speaks out loud to her dead husband. Stanley then destroys her mentally by crushing her dreams and bringing some sort of realism to the situation.

Authors use stylistic techniques to convey meaning and to bring richness and clarity to their pieces of writing. In the short story “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,” a man named Smiley is cheated out of a bet after he was so confident that he was going to be victorious. In the short story “Cannibalism in the Cars,” a train full of political figures is stopped by a severe snowstorm, preventing them from continuing their journey. In “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” and “Cannibalism in the Cars,” Mark Twain uses imagery, characterization, and foreshadowing in order to aid a reader's understanding of the stories.

Throughout the semester, the English CD class has read lots of books and stories. They all had some similarities of one sort or another. The theme is one thing that some had in common. Some have differences. Some differences include different time periods. Different ways of dialogue were displayed. The way authors chose to write their stories changed within time periods. These changes are noticeable in the stories “Hop Frog” and The Scarlet Letter.

What is relevant to a writer is subjective: something which kindles inspiration to develop a story, and provides assistance in aspects of novelistic discourse. Orson Scott Card posits that there are four basic factors which create a story: milieu, idea, character and event , a balance of which creates the arc of the story. The reader takes the content of the sum of these factors and finds parallels, or contraries, in their own lives and interests. The writer takes this a step further by conceptualising new worlds and constructing new narratives, taking inspiration from what is read in order to build their own plots. An exploration into what resonates with the contemporary writer is essential in determining whether the focus of aspiring writers should be imitating Fielding’s ‘writers of antiquity’, embracing the ‘great pattern’, or on more recent works. For the purpose of this analysis I will be considering works written within the last twenty years ‘recent’, whilst analysing what writers gain, or lose, from fiction written longer ago.