Charles Bolden: The MARTI And Space Academy

The office of President of the United States has become one of the most powerful and influential positions in the world.  A president has the power to set a legislative agenda, to veto a law, and to make crucial foreign policy decisions.  While all these capabilities are important, the most significant power of the presidency resides in his or her ability to respond to a national tragedy. Specifically, the president must provide comfort to a demoralized nation, commemorate the fallen Americans, and inspire hope.  No president fulfilled these tasks better than President Ronald Reagan during his “Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster Address” to the nation.  President Reagan comforted the nation, memorialized the seven casualties, and culminated hope for the future of space exploration all in a four-and-a-half-minute national address.  President Reagan’s address not only demonstrated the most important task of the President of the United States, but it also became a template from which future tragedy addresses would be given.

Reagan then reassured that the space program would continue to operate and “what happened today does nothing to diminish it”. This message sought to protect the ongoing space programs and was dedicated to the last sub-audience of his speech: the NASA people. He acknowledged their hard work and expressed sympathy for their loss of friends and coworkers.

She also created and was the first Director of NASA’s Office of Exploration. When she completed her investigation, she was sent to Washington D.C, for long-range planning. After the incident, Ride produced a report entitled, “Leadership and America’s Future in Space.” (Ride). After Dr. Ride left NASA, she became a teacher; a professor actually. She wanted to make sure that students knew and got to love space just as much, if not more, as she did. As a Physics professor, in 1989 Ride joined the faculty at the University of California, San Diego. She is also the Director of the California Space Institute at the university. Ride’s favorite subjects were always science and math, making NASA and teaching perfect careers for her; something she loved to do day in and out.

Wall, Mike. "Could the U.S. Have Beaten the Soviets into Space?" N.p., 8 Apr. 2011. Web. 12 Dec. 2015.

As President Eisenhower once stated, “Every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed” (qtd in DeGroot). According to Jerry DeGroot, a lecturer in the Department of Modern History at the University of St. Andrews and author of the widely acclaimed biography “Douglas Haig”, every year, the United States federal government funds the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with over $17 billion. When Keith Yost, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), was asked about government funding on NASA, he replied, “NASA is not only spending money, but also the sweat of our laborers, the genius of our scientists, and the hopes of our children.” As a powerhouse in the work industry, NASA is taking away from the remainder of the country. Before venturing off into space, the US needs to realize the importance of tackling the issues that lie before the citizens here on Earth. As Richard Truly, a retired Vice Admiral in the United States Navy, stated in agreement, “...I didn’t go to NASA for the United States to make international commitments that wouldn’t keep, to design space vehicles that will never be built (or will be then fail), or to make promises to the American people that will never be kept.” It would be in the best interest for the citizens of the United States federal government to cut NASA funding.

　　President Ronald Reagan inherited the space policy of his predecessor, Jimmy Carter and was not satisfied with its current objectives and lack of direction (Logsdon, 1995). He put together a transition team to draft a new chapter for NASA which was left in an “untenable position” by Carter’s lack of direction for the agency. The NASA transition team leader, George Low, remarked that NASA can be “the best in American accomplishment and inspiration for all citizens” (Logsdon, 1995). The team provided input to Reagan that would drive space policy during his eight year tenure.

Perhaps no greater tragedy defines the American Race for Space than the explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger before millions of Americans as they watched on live TV in 1986. Building on two decades of successful space exploration kicked off by President Kennedy before his death, by the early eighties the American culture both believed that it was our right to fly into space and that no one did it better than we did. NASA had sent mission after mission into space over more than twenty years, each one accomplishing space exploration goals and building the reputation that America owned the stars. That day in January of 1986 was supposed to be another of those successes as the Challenger lifted off from Cape Canaveral carrying not only professional astronauts into space but also one everyday person, teacher Christa McAuliffe. Instead, the world watched as after seventy-three seconds after liftoff hopes and dreams exploded with the Challenger - leaving astronauts dead, the space program in jeopardy and America grieving and looking for answers. How leadership responded, what they said and did, would be really important to how the nation dealt with the loss and to the future of the space program. The man for the job was President Ronald Reagan, whose address to the nation appealed to the public on an emotional and logical level and helped to ensure that they

"We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too." This quote was made by John F. Kennedy on September 12, 1962, and it encompasses the dedication the US had to winning the Space Race, a space technology race between the United States and Soviet Russia. The Space Race would soon become a huge competition led by many big factors and decisions. Overall, The Space Race started with the USSR's launch of Sputnik, an event which fueled nationalism in both countries, and ended with the United States landing a man on the moon.

And through that, we created a new frontier, a new goal. We reached beyond our planet. “We explore for the benefit of all human kind,” Jody Singer, deputy director of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville and a 1983 graduate of UA’s industrial engineering program, said. “This country, this nation, this world has always been explorers. It's really the heart of who we are and what we do. It inspires us to look around the next corner. It inspires us to try to understand. We'll always have that inquisitive mind.”

This proves to the audience that the United States will not stop their future endeavors in space. They should still have hope for what is to come. He Reagan also added, “I wish I could talk to every man and woman who works for NASA or who worked on this mission and tell them: ‘Your dedication and professionalism have moved and impressed us for decades’” (Reagan 7). This proves to the audience that he is proud of all that those involved in the Challenger accomplished, and everyone else should be proud of them as well. The president uses logos to argue that the astronauts knew what they were doing. He explained, “They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. They wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us” (Reagan 3). By saying this, he proves that the astronauts were doing what they wanted to do with their lives, and this was their happy place. He also remarked, “We’ve grown used to wonders in this century. It’s hard to dazzle us. But for twenty-five years the United States space program has been doing just that” (Reagan

In President Ronald Reagan’s speech, he addresses the situation that occurred between the space shuttle and the Challenger 7 crew at the State of Union. He helped the American public who were sad, confused and shocked about what was going on. The speech was meant to try and make people feel better and to strictly state that the space program will continue at NASA. The Challenger 7 were heroes and they did brilliant work at NASA due to their bravery and courage. In his speech, he used the tone of anguished, proud and uplifting in order to help comfort people to have faith in the American space program after this tragedy.

OSM remains for Oligonucleotide Synthesizer intended for use in Microgravity, implying that it's a gadget that makes discretionary DNA strands (of direct length) in space. Cool eh? I've been taking a shot at this venture throughout the previous eight months with a brilliant group of kindred programmers as a feature of the Stanford Understudy Space Activity, and I'd get a kick out of the chance to share what we're doing, what we've effectively done, and where we're going.

Many critics believe that NASA and space exploration should not be the main focus of the government. However, NASA is not just about flying rockets and putting men into space. There is science and engineering that is being developed to push humanity forward in life. This space program is essential to answering philosophical questions, creating new technology for practical everyday use, the international collaboration with other countries, and the long-term survival of the human

With the threat of Congress cutting NASA 's budget, the United State 's sixty year preeminence in space exploration is in serious peril..

The Space Race was a competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for supremacy in space. From 1955 until 1975, both sides battled it out to be the leader in the competition. Fueled by the Cold War and other causes of the beginning of the race, the Soviet Union and the United States fought for authority in a very public manner through the media. There were many achievements at this time and it led the way for many great things to come afterwards.