Charles Darwin On The Origin Of Species

As humans evolve, they will change. Through the years, humans will both change mentally and physically. Through research and reasoning, people can only predict what might be the next human evolution. Much of what is predicted is based on the world that humans live in today. Some day, humans might be even be able to change their own genetics as science and technology advances.

A coral structure is actually made up of hundreds - thousands of tiny little animals all growing together as a colony. These polyps are the makers of the coral reef and have accumulated over thousands of years to make up the largest living structures in the world. The anemones, which go along with the corals, are typically partnered with clownfish. In this relationship both animals work together in order to benefit each other. The anemone will provide protection for the clownfish, while the clownfish provides food for the anemone (seasky).

Astraea, also known as star coral, are typically in the shape of what can be described as boulders, domes, or cones. However, less often they can be found in the form of flat plates or thick crusts (Great Star Coral, n.d.).. These colonies of coral grow to be up to 2.5 m in diameter. The color of Astraea can vary between green, brown, gray, orange, and red; the coral is more often bright red and orange during the day due to a cyanobacterial protein, which is an essential source of nitrogen (EDGE: Coral Reef Species, 2008). They only move very slightly in an almost, floating-like manner. Astraea can be found in almost all reef environments, and it is usually the most dominant coral at depths between 12 and 30 m (Kluijver, n.d.). These are often the most sedimented areas of the reef, which is where the Astraea thrive, due to their build. The colonies have very steep sides, which allows the sediment to simply, roll off the coral. If there is still sediment that settles into the colony, the polyps will produce waves of movement to remove them. Once again, if this technique is unsuccessful, the polyps will

All corals are composed of thousands of individual animals called polyps. Each polyp has a mouth, which is the opening of its

It also requires Bright sun lights, which can explain the shallow habitat that it resides in. However, these corals have been known to form a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae, a marine algae. This algae, can provide the necessary nutrients that the coral requires to survive. Defence wise, the coral really has no form of fighting back. This results in the coral being nipped at by other marine life, or taking in the chemicals of other corals. In order to to reproduce, it has two options. It can reproduce asexually by “budding” releasing an offshoot to attach to another surface, or it can reproduce sexually by sending sperm into the open waters to find another Organ Pipe Coral. Reproducing asexually has it ups and downs. Reproducing asexually is faster compared to sexually, however it is essentially a “clone” and has no other genetically diverse attributes that it would otherwise. If reproducing sexually, it consumes more time and energy to allow the offspring to have a more diverse genetic buildup allowing for the adaptation and survival of the

These invertebrates include ‘Serpulids, Branchiopods, Sponges, Ascidians, Bivalves, Echinoids and Benthic foraminifers.’ (书) these benthic invertebrates have contributed an important role in cool-water carbonate environment. As the pure carbonate accumulated in a distinctive shallow water, this environment is based on the influence of the assemblage of coralline algae and the beneath invertebrates, which were swept into shoals by the strong tidal

Charles Darwin is midway critical in the improvement of investigative and humanist thoughts in light of the fact that he first made individuals mindful of their place in the transformative procedure when the most effective and clever type of life found how mankind had advanced. The hypothesis of advancement by common determination was first advanced by Darwin in On the Origin of Species, distributed in 1859, and his hypothesis is still for the most part acknowledged as the best accessible clarification of the path life on this planet created. He was most effective and clear type of life found how many had advanced in his years. He went to Shrewsbury School where he didn't do especially well – he was more inspired by bugs than in Latin linguistic use. Nor was he an exceptionally fruitful college understa.

Not long after, Darwin married his cousin Emma Wedgewood. They moved to Downe in 1842 and remained here until Darwin’s death (“Darwin, Charles Robert.”). Darwin wrote a warning about close relatives having children, buried in an obscure botanical textbook. He was already worried about his marriage since he had married his cousin. Darwin and his cousin Emma had ten children; Charles was a devoted father. But the couple had lost a son and two daughters and nursed others through illnesses ("Charles Darwin: Evolution and the Story of Our Species”). In 1851, Darwin’s favorite daughter of 10 children; 10 year old Anne became sick and died. Later that year he also suffered nausea. His illness also became a recurring feature his life (“Charles Darwin:

Charles Darwin was a man who shaped the way in which we think about evolution in modern times. He brought forth and described the theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest. To fully understand modern evolutionary thoughts it is necessary for one to completely understand the early theories of Charles Darwin. In this paper I will provide the reader with a complete background on Charles Darwin, describe his voyage on the HMS Beagle, and discuss his theory of natural selection.

Charles Robert Darwin was born February 12, 1809. He is best known for his theory on evolution and and for his phenomenal book On the Origin of Species, which laid the foundation for evolutionary studies and is considered a landmark work in human history. Charles Darwin was a med school dropout but his real passion was for the great outdoors. Charles Darwin served as an unpaid naturalist on a science expedition on board HMS Beagle. The rich variety of animal and plant species that Darwin saw on the voyage on the Beagle led him to develop his theory of 'evolution by natural selection '. Darwin described every single species of animal that he encountered, such as the vampire bats. Thanks to his research on

Cnidarians (or coelenterates), including sea anemones, jellyfish, and corals, are built mostly of sheets of cells, and they exploit the large surface area of the

Cnidarians are a phylum of aquatic organisms that include jellyfish, corals, hydroids, and anemones. They are an ancient group of animals that are thought to have emerged more that 500 million years ago. They are characterized by their radial symmetry, their diploblastic bodies, and specialized cells called cnidocytes. Cnidarians are represented as either polyps or medusae. Sea anemones and corals are consistently found as polyps, and jellyfish have a polyp stage early in their development. These polyps are mostly sessile, but some have the ability to relocate themselves if necessary. When jellyfish mature they are medusae with a fully formed bell. When in the medusae stage jellyfish are completely mobile. Both of these forms are radially

Darwin was the youngest scientist among the scientists who joined the ship; he was only 22 years old when he joined the H.M.S Beagle. The ship sailed worldwide; in his voyage he started to collect many types of plant and animal species, recorded and analyzed them. During his journey Darwin came across the Island of Galapagos where he got to know a selection of species. The species he founded in that Island could not be found anyplace in the world (tortoises, finches, the finches have different beaks adapted to their type food), they were similar to the animals and plants that he founds in South America. Particularly, he was interested in the 13 species of finch that belonged to 4 groups, they were similar to each other but at the same time he found difference in adaptations, size and shape of their beak. So each finch had to adapt to their new habitation in the Island, their beak reflects their specialization by their size and shape. Example some finches have large beaks and they use it to crush hard seeds while other type of finches

      Coral reefs are continuously being both built up and decomposed, so different parts of a reef are in varying stages of succession (Richmond, 1993). Coral reefs are very fragile, because reef-building organisms cannot thrive if the surrounding water changes significantly. Coral reefs require very specific conditions in order to grow: a solid structure for the base; warm and consistent water temperatures (averaging between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius); stable salinity; moderate wave action; and clear water that is low in nutrients and plankton. The water on a healthy coral reef is clear because there are very few nutrients, so plankton that would cloud the water are few. In general corals grow slowly, but they are extremely efficient at living and reproducing in these conditions (American Zoologist, pg 524-536).

Imagine yourself observing one of the most diverse ecosystems on earth. Thousands of species of plants and animals provide a dizzying array of color and motion. Massive structures provide a canopy that shelters hundreds of exotic species in a myriad of microclimates. As land-based observers, we almost automatically assume that this is a description of the rich ecosystem of a tropical rainforest. However, if we take ourselves off the safety of dry land and immerse ourselves in the ocean, we will find an equally dynamic environment in the depths of our world’s coral reefs. As a Zoology major, I quickly decided to explore this biological component of the ocean environment. In the following paper, I will provide a general overview of coral