Charles Darwin's Theory Of Natural Selection

Selection is the functional relationship between phenotypes and fitness. Natural selection is the production of organisms according to their physical attributes whereby off springs of the younger generations takes the strong, desired and inheritable aspects of their parents. They become more adapted to the environment although some does well than others according to their individual traits which are attributed to their phenotypes (Sinervo, 1997). According to Charles Darwin, fitness can be described in three different forms of selection which interferes with the mean of phenotypic traits in a population. They include: directional selection; stabilizing selection; and destructive selection.

Natural selection is an essential process of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin and generally accepted by the scientific community as the best explanation for the adaptation and specialization of organisms.

The theory of evolution sets forth an explanation of how all of the living species on Earth came to be. The theory as we know it today, written by Charles Darwin, states that all the living species of today – humans included – evolved over time; we can see evidence of their evolution in the fossils of now-extinct species. In his book Origin of Species, published in 1859, Charles Darwin wrote that species evolve over time through a mechanism known as “natural selection.” Basically, each species is born with a multitude of traits, some more favorable to survival than others. Because some traits encourage survival more so than others, the animals equipped with those traits tend to breed more than the animals that lack those traits. Over time, more and more offspring are born with these favorable traits and less are born without them; thus, the species evolves. In his 1871 book, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, Darwin surmised that where humans are concerned, natural selection helped humans evolve in addition to a concept known as “sex selection.” Similar to natural selection, sex selection is the process by

Natural selection is the process whereby species that are better equipped for survival in their environment are able to prolong their bloodline by reproducing. Advancements in these species, evolution, can be seen as a result of natural selections force. Natural selection can be broken down into three concepts that require it to operate. The first is the constant struggle a species face for survival, which results in the continuation of the successful branches of the species, as the others become extinct. The second requirement is a varying population, these more successful branches only stem from mutated groups or individuals whose features become beneficial when faced with such struggles. The third concept is the presence of a mechanism that allows these mutations to be passed on to the next generation, thus evolving the species. All three of these conditions are interrelated, and must take place in order for natural selection to play its role in the evolutionary process.

Natural selection evolves around the variation of traits that are inherited that give a less or greater chance of surviving and reproducing more offspring’s ( Eadie, 2015, 9/2/2015 ). It also focus to see if inherited traits are more likely help the specie survive and live a longer life or it would somehow affect them and prevent them from living for a long period of time(Eadie, 2015, 9/2/2015). For example the example discussed in lab of the giraffe and its long neck, the long neck was a trait that was inherited and this case is a positive trait because it helps the giraffe obtain his food from high areas. Variation, inheritance, and Differential Reproductive success are the three necessary and sufficient conditions for natural selection. As variation is refers to the distinction of individual’s height, weight, skin color etc. (Eadie, 2015, 8/31/2015 ). Inheritance the different amount of offspring’s reproduce by each individual (Eadie,2015, 8/31/2015 ). Differential Reproduction success the chance of survival either to genetic or environmental factors (Eadie, 2015,

Evolution by natural selection, proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, requires a population to have three necessities. These include variation, which leads to differences in fitness, and a form of heredity for this variation (Bourrat 2014). Natural selection acts solely by accumulating slight, successive, and favorable variations and cannot produce great or sudden modifications because it can act only by very short and slow steps (Darwin 1859). Nevertheless, there are always numerous potential selective pressures in nature that limit a population’s evolution and fitness like predation.

Natural selection is one of the most significant methods in which evolution can occur in a population that was proposed by Charles Darwin, among other scientists, in the 1800s. The term summarizes the concept that heritable traits that are able to survive, due to fitness for their environment, and successfully reproduce will likely become more common among a population. On the other hand, natural selection also includes the idea that heritable traits that either cannot survive, or have unsuccessful reproduction will become less common in a population. Other aspects of natural selection as a whole include evidence from various scientific fields, the key points of the process, its causes, and its effects.

Over time, different species learn to adapt to their living environment in order to survive. If a genetic change of a characteristic is passed down through generations, a formation of a new species occurs (G, Linstead et. al., 2012). A variation to the characteristic of an individual can increase its survival and this provides more opportunities to reproduce. When the individual reproduces, the offspring benefit in result of the heritable genes and eventually through generations, the variants will be spread throughout the entire population (Montgomery, 2009). Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection can be supported through both fossils and homologous structures.

Natural selection is the result of species, for they have adaptive traits throughout the evolutionary process. Evolution describes the variation and development in a species. All organisms develop genes, which can be passed on to their kin. Most genes can be considered dominate or recessive, if a survival traits then it can be passed on. Since that offspring is more capable of handling their environment, the evolutionary changes will have successive generations by inherited traits, but for that to occur the trait must meet certain conditions. The trait must have variation, have genetic inheritance, and have differential fitness, meaning that organisms with the variation will be more able to survive and reproduce in their environment. Without

Charles Darwin exposed his ideas on evolution by natural selection in a book called, 'The Origin of Species' (1859) where he stated that all species have descended from a common ancestor and therefore evolved into different species by what he called Natural Selection. He believed that phenotypic variation exists among individuals and that the variation is heritable. Also those individuals with heritable traits better suited to the environment they live in will survive and pass on their advantageous alleles to the next generation.

Natural selection is how animals evolve over time and develop traits that help them survive in their environment. Darwin's theory was directly related to psychologist William Jame's ideas of functionalism which was that different behavioral traits get passed down through their heredity or through learning from a prior generation. The study of heredity was still in early phases he believed that they could be passed down from human to human genetically. (Ciccarelli & White, 2015, p. 8) Both James's and Darwin's theories would mean that as people and animals adapt the genes that create a specific weaker traits begin to make the holders of those genes die out over time, until the gene is completely removed. This is why people use the term selected

Darwin quotes in chapter one, variation in domestication “that most skilful breeder, Sir John Sebright, used to say, with respect to pigeons, that ‘he would produce any given feather in three years, but it would take him six years to obtain head and beak.” (Darwin 74) He argues that as traits are passed down from parents to offspring that this is heredity. Heredity is a system that perpetuates variations. The critical aspect about these variations to Darwin, is that they help a species to adapt and continue to survive. Darwin uses birds as his main examples. He uses birds to demonstrate the adaptations that give species an advantage to survive in their environments. Examples like the beak of a woodpecker that allows the bird to gather insects, the wings that allows it to fly, and the fins that allow a fish to swim. Darwin predicted that the minor mutations or variations that we see in a species, such as color and size, describe the variations seen in different species

Natural selection is evolutions driving mechanism. Evolution is “the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from early forms during the history of the earth.” Darwin 's theory states that inheritable variations exist within individuals in a population. This big idea has impacted human life and evolution in many ways. With natural selection as its major mechanism, according to Darwin’s theory, competition for limited resources results in differential survival. People with more favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and reproduce, which passes their traits onto future generations. This big idea relates to the other big ideas because you need to transmit the important information, as in genes and traits that an organism will pass on to future generations so that they can eventually evolve. This is the process of natural selection.

The Theory of Natural Selection was first proposed by Charles Darwin in his work titled On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for life published in 1859. Darwin’s theory states that because of competition for finite resources within a habitat individuals must compete for survival and those more adapted to their specific environments have a greater success in surviving to maturity which enables them the opportunity to successfully reproduce. Individuals that successfully reproduce will pass down to their offspring the traits that gave then an advantage in survival to maturity and over long periods of time this can cause transformation within a species. (Houk 2013: 2-2) In

Your task is to answer the following questions using your knowledge, the text below, Pearson’s text book, School notes and any other reliable sources of information. All of these have to be referenced correctly. Please present Q 2 onwards as an essay style.