Charles Mingus Research Paper

process of enlisting and training, the medical procedures and vaccinations he went through, traveling overseas and the excitement that brings, being injured in the war, and then finally the process of being discharged from the Army in February of 1919 at the end of the war and being reunited with “Marty”.

Poor Mexican immigrants in California faced major discrimination through terrible living conditions, hard labor, and very low wages. Most American people made them feel unwanted and took away a lot of their rights. In the book Esperanza Rising by Pam Munoz Ryan, Esperanza is a thirteen year old girl who was rich in Mexico and her Dad suddenly died of a mysterious bandit attack. After this happened she was forced to go to California to try to survive. Since Papa’s death, Esperanza had to face many other challenges as an immigrant such as not knowing how to do chores because she always had servants, having to go to work to take care of Mama, and facing discrimination in America.

While in his early twenties, Sousa toured with several traveling music groups. One amateur group he worked with was so successful that it managed to become professional under his leadership. Sousa’s career was already off to an impressive

Police and middle-class vigilantes harass the Joads and thousands of other transient harvesters who have little food and clothing and no permanent dwelling place”. What’s more is that Markovnikov's famous rule of “the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer” became true during this time. Those who were in the lower class barley managed to survive the recession while most of the upper class, business owners managed to keep most of the profit to themselves and not suffer: “… while the Californians wanted many things, accumulations, social success, amusement, luxury, and a curious banking security, the new barbarians wanted only two things—land and food…” [19/ 257]. To put it briefly, the economical drop became the foundation and reason for the social segregation, which resulted in the unpleasant events that later

John’s band was called the Sousa band.Their music combonation where brass brands,milatary,and orchestras.It took a few mounts for his band to get rolling.Once it got better his band was popular for 40 years.Everytime his band came in town his tickets will get sold out quickly.

While he was already an accomplished artist, it appeared at the time that music would not be a practical way for him to make a living. In 1949 he moved to New York and began to work for the U.S. Postal Service, his father's employer (Zenni 4, 8). By then he was thirty years old. In New York, he met drummer Max Roach, and over time, they routinely visited with each other, forming a musical and personal relationship.

This was a hard move for Armstrong because he did not want to leave his hometown of New Orleans, but he knew it was a move he needed to make(Tirro). He made his first ever recording with Oliver’s band in 1923 under the Gennett Label. Though, in 1924, Armstrong was given the opportunity to move to New York City. He did not want to make the move, but his wife convinced him it was best for his career, and he went. In New York, Armstrong was the third cornet in Fletcher Henderson’s band(“Louis Daniel Armstrong”). While performing in Henderson’s band, Armstrong made many more recordings, and was lucky enough to work with some famous jazz singers and instrumentalists; Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, Alberta Hunter, and Sidney Bechet. But Armstrong became unhappy with the band because he was given few opportunities to solo and was rarely allowed to sing, which forced him away from Henderson’s band(Cogswell 18). Though he was only in New York for a year, this trip helped his talent become more nationally recognized. He built confidence, learned about showmanship, and improved his ability to read music(“Louis Daniel Armstrong”). Everybody in New York fell in love with him because not only was he a great musician, but his humor brought so much more to the performance(Shipton 26). He then returned to Chicago where he was given a spot in his wife’s band as the first chair cornet, his first time in

At a time when labor was needed in the north, many blacks migrated from the south in order to find work. When they arrived, the immigrants, being a first or second generation American citizens themselves, became territorial, fearing that the safety of their jobs were at risk with the new found workers. Areas where segregation had faded away, suddenly came alive, with a vengeance. Not only were blacks separated from whites, but they were being targeted with acts of violence. African Americans who were living in areas with whites were forced to move into recognized black areas. Even educated middle class African Americans were separated from their homes in well off areas. As the African American population grew, the spaces got incredibly smaller. Families who were already in tight living quarters had to downsize into smaller apartments to accommodate other migrants from the south. Those who tried to get out of the ghetto were attacked in various ways. One common way was through acts of violence. Whites would bomb the houses of

According to Josh Sides, author of “L.A. City Limits,” there are three reasons why the demography of Southern California shifted so much in the 20th century. Sides states that diverse racial composition, dynamic economic growth, and dispersive spatial arrangement are what makes Southern California what it is today. He believes people migrated to the Los Angeles area looking for a better opportunity for work and living conditions. In the book, Sides makes it clear that Los Angeles is the city where African Americans chose to reside in order to seek better living conditions. People, especially minorities, wanted to be treated fairly and they wanted to be looked at as equals. Sides gets this point across clearly when he says “…they wanted to be treated with respect, dignity, and equality in public…” It is because of these reasons that minorities began changing the face of not only Los Angeles, but the entire state of California.

Many were forced to leave their land in order to survive such an event. The drought and misuse of land led to the physical effects of the Dust Bowl. The emotional toll was greater. It was stated in Out of the Dust, “Those men, they used to be best friends. Now they can’t be civil with each other.” Stress drifted many apart as everyone was competing with one another. Many lost their jobs and couldn’t provide for their families. It was the perfect opportunity to move to California because conditions in the area were still good. The land there was fertile. Many migrants had not seen fertile land in a long while. All the land they could remember was that of a worn out mess. Along with the fertile land, there was a mild climate. It was different then what these migrants were used to. Conditions never changed drastically. All knew what was to come ahead. A lot of hardships were still encountered. Finding work was still very difficult to do. This was because there was not enough work to occupy all of the people. Hard conditions were dealt with in order to receive a little bit of money. Finding a job, any job, was considered to be a blessing. Even then, in times considered to be fair, women did not receive very much pay. This was because they could not work as much as the males. With males requiring work, women were not accepted easily and were lucky to even find jobs. Luckily these times have concluded. No longer does one

“As a ‘double whammy’ of drought and depression deepened on the Great Plains, more and more farmers gave up or were forced off of their land” (Winter). According to Bart Robinson, an eyewitness, “Many people thought it was a plague” (Robinson). The migrant workers started moving away. “When pioneers headed west in the late 19th century, many couldn’t resist the lure of the tall grassy land in the semiarid Midwestern and Southern plains of the United States” (“Black Sunday”). Many people did travel to other states. Though “the exact scale of migrants is unknown but it’s estimated that up to 400,000 Southwesterns moved west during the 1930s and to 300,000 moved into California a decade earlier” (Sander). Dust Bowl refugees found roots in California (Winter). “Sometimes they found work, but mostly they found heartbreak and anger” (Robinson). They had once “owned profitable farms. Then they had nothin’ but hunger and dirt and two cents a barrel” (Robinson). Some migrant workers had trouble finding houses within their price range. “Many of the migrant workers lived in labor camps”

ended up serving in World War I as the commander of an artillery battle. Upon his return

Maynard Ferguson, jazz legend, internationally renowned big band leader and one of the world’s greatest trumpet players with his Big Bop Nouveau Band. He draws upon bebop, straight-ahead jazz, funk, swing, classical and contemporary music to create a fresh sound within the classic big band form. (cite from Jazz Alley web site) Because me being Korean, I personally was little surprised and impressed by two Korean were members of his big band. A massive piano player, Ji Young Lee, pretty amazing in all pieces, her extended work on “but beautiful” was really lovely and the most memorable. Stockton, powerful drum player, thrilled the audience especially one of my friend, with his solos. He was banging away using all his gear, play in energetic and lively. M.F. and his band provided a remarkable arrangement of "Ain't No Sunshine When She's Gone," as well as some elegant and very impressive, as Maynard ended a song by playing a soft muted trumpet, while the rest of the band played softer and softer, creating the effect of a fade-out.

simply producing the band, he was also a member of it. Samplers played a huge part in Vig’s work in

Charlie Chaplin did not use sound to communicate to the audience in his movies. Despite the fact that there was no spoken language, his movies were sensational and the audiences loved them. Chaplin was thought of as cinema’s first genius and has been called the single most-influential artist in the history of motion pictures. I am researching Charlie Chaplin to learn how he became a sensational comedian and one of the best actors of all time.