Chatthooche Research Paper

3.5 million miles of water run throughout the United States; and since the country’s conception, over 80,000 dams have impounded 600,000 miles of these waters [1]. Dams were originally constructed to provide water to towns and establishes energy sources for mills and later hydroelectric plants. Because these dams were constructed decades ago, they’re reaching a critical point of obsoleteness where they cause more harm than good. Dam removal is increasingly popular across the country to address the ecological problems including habitat loss and sedimentation, despite potential for downstream harm, removing dams is more environmentally and economically cost effective than upgrading them. The Marmot, Glines Canyon, and Elwha river dam removal projects each highlight different challenges of dam removal, but overall

After all materials were gathered, we then had to do five different tests to determine what the powder material does. The first test was to see what the powder materials do in water. We had to add a scoop of each of the common powders to an

The materials used during the experiment included three plastic cups, three gummy bears, masking tape, marker, balance, calculator, tray, one plastic spoon, a measurement tray, and a ruler. The three plastic cups were used to hold the tap water, salt water, and sugar water. The masking tape and marker were used to label each cup with the

Lake Lanier is a large reservoir that serves many purposes including the following: flood control, power generation, recreation, water supply, and water storage. The US Army Corps of Engineers allowed Georgia to withdraw water from Lake Lanier. However, Alabama and Florida filed a lawsuit against the Corps due to the fact that Georgia was withdrawing water from Lake Lanier which decreased the downstream levels. In the 2009 ruling, Georgia as increased their withdraw amount to the point exceeding WSA which affected the hydropower generation. In the 11th circuit Appeal, Georgians were given hope in an increase in withdraws from Lake Lanier, but in the end, the Corps repudiated Georgia’s request. However, there was a problem with the law so the Corps is reevaluating Georgia’s request. Georgia has responsibility issues between water storage and hydropower generation. Alabama, Florida, and Georgia will wait for the Corps decision on the case before they do anything else.

1. What was the purpose of using water as a sample in some of the tests performed in the lab? (2 points) to have a control.

We first started this experiment by obtaining twelve 15ml test tubes, in which we placed in a rack and labeled each with what

The most notable transboundary river for residents of Atlanta is the Chattahoochee. Leaving its source in the North Georgia Mountains, it eventually drains into the Apalachicola River which whose mouth is located in the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee is notable because on its damming and the creation of Lake Lanier in the 1950s. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided the money and resources for the dam’s construction and operate the lake itself. Since a federal agency operates the systems and was funded by other states, water claims by Alabama and Florida are constant.

For starters, the dam’s vast reservoir destroys Native American communities, inundate sacred fishing spots and ancestral burial grounds, and erect an impenetrable barrier denying salmon access to their spawning grounds (American Experience, n.d.). This was a problem because the U.S. had no formal process for involving Native American tribes in Grand Coulee Dam decisions; this included the taking of reservation lands (Ortolano & Cushing 2000).

In 1923-1947 Arkansas Power and Light (AP&L) constructed several dams on two Arkansas lakes, Hamilton and Catherine. AP & L obtained “flood easements” on property adjoining the lakes. AP&L sold lake side property and kept the easement in force. These flood easements permitted AP&L to “clear of trees, brush, and other obstruction and to submerge by

Today I met with Mr. Schwinnen and Mrs. Laughbaum at the high school in order to perform chemical testing on my water samples. Mr. Schwinnen taught me how to use the YSI 9300 Photometer to find the phosphorus and nitrogen levels. For both tests, I filled a test tube with my water sample of a site, and then I put a crushed tablet that goes with whichever test I was doing (nitrogen or phosphorus). After that dissolved, I put the a second crushed tablet into the sample and let that sit for 15 minutes. The two tablets are labeled so I know when to use each one. While the test tube was sitting, the water would change colors. Once the 15 minutes were up, I put the sample into the YSI 9300 Photometer so it could give me the nitrogen and phosphorus levels. I repeated these steps for all 5 sites with the nitrogen tablets and phosphorus tablets. After I wrote down all my results, Mr. Schwinnen showed me the HI 93703 and I found the turbidity. All I had to do was shake all my water samples and put them into test tubes. These test tubes then went into

The levee system has been present along the Mississippi River since immigrants moved here from Europe (Kemp, 2002). People need water to survive and grow economically and the settlers of the Midwest found the Mississippi River, which was one of the biggest sources of fresh water. Access to the river provided a means to transport for developing commerce and industry, water for crops, and a source to drink. As floods swept away their livelihoods, a consensus grew that the Mississippi River would need to be artificially controlled in order to benefit fully from its proximity without the risks. Some levees were formed naturally by the Mississippi River’s fluvial process. By building up on these natural levees was a solution to the flood problem. Eventually the Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) was put in control in creating and maintaining a way to prevent floods. This started the first system of manmade levee systems along the Mississippi

On December 17, 1706 in Paris, France, a great scientist was born, Gabrielle Émilie le Tonnelier de Breteuil (later Émilie du Châtelet). She was born into French nobility and educated at home. The young Émilie learned to speak six languages by the time she was twelve, and had lessons in fencing and other sports. Even from a young age she was fascinated most by science and math, much to her mother’s displeasure (This Month in Physics History), but her father supported her. By her teen years she became a beautiful and independent young lady and when she reached the age 18, she faced reality and knew that she had to get married. Émilie accepted the proposal of Marquis Florent-Claude du Châtelet, a

In experiment 3 drinking water quality, I will test the quality of two different types of bottled water and tap water using materials such as: Dansani bottled water, Fiji bottled water, ammonia test strips, chloride test strips, 4 in 1 test strips, phosphate test strips, iron test strips, (3) 250ml. beakers, parafilm, pipettes, (3) foil packets of reducing powder, stopwatch, permanent marker and water. First you must label the (3) 250ml. beakers with Tap water, Dasani, and Fiji, and pour 100ml of each type of water into the beakers name. Next place an ammonia test strip with the pads down into the tap water and move it up and down for 30 seconds. Next remove the test strip shaking off excess water and then hold level with pad side up for 30 seconds. Read the results of the strip pads by

And that testing solution should have a ph of 7.5 or lower. If results were less than 200 PPM more sanitizing agent needed to be added and then rechecked. If results were more than 300 PPM more water needed to be added and then checked again. Once sanitizing levels were checked they needed to be indicated on the log form. Lastly, she went over wearing of proper slip-resistant shoes in kitchen.

The tube containing an Elodea densa plant, 100% red dye and no sodium bicarbonate solution resulted in an average pH level of 8.08. The tube containing no plant, 100% red dye, and no sodium bicarbonate solution resulted in an average pH level of 8.04. The tube containing 50% red dye, an Elodea densa plant, and 25mL of a sodium bicarbonate solution held an average pH level of 8.22, whereas the tube with 50%,no Elodea densa plant, and 25mL of a sodium bicarbonate solution produced an average pH level of 8.08.