Chaugas Disease Research Paper

AIM – The aim of the experiment is to determine the relative effectiveness of several anti-microbial substances on developing pathogens. (E. coli)

Fever, swelling around initial infection site, parasites in blood, sometimes asymptomatic, rarely debilitating or life threatening problems can occur.

Because of this rise of selection for vancomycin-resistant bacteria, finding an alternative antibiotic treatment for this strain of bacteria is imperative. There has been some consideration of alternatives to vancomycin treatment of bacteria as sensitivity toward the drug decreases. Though vancomycin is still the treatment standard for methicillin-resistant bacteria, other compounds such as linezolid have proven to be more effective. Linezolid is a currently FDA approved compound that disrupts protein synthesis in the ribosomes of bacteria. The result of this disruption is

Australia have many animals that comes in all shapes, sizes, and colors. They all have different ways of adapting to the environment. In Australia, they have more than 378 mammal species. Some stay in trees and some stay on land.

The book chosen was “The New Killer Diseases”, because it seemed to be interesting and covered a great deal of information that was learned in class. The book discusses how we should fear the unknown when it comes to fighting the new killer diseases that could evolve and spread at any moment. It is scary to think at any moment that a new disease could develop causing an epidemic. The examples of stories of patients that were discussed made the book more interesting and easier to understand the concepts of the new diseases. The scientific research throughout the book gives readers a clear understanding how germs threaten all of mankind. We need to protect ourselves, families, and encourage the public to stay up to

Chagas disease, also known as American Trypanosomiasis, is a tropical disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted to humans through contact with the feces of an infected triatomine bug. The triatomine bug known as the kissing bug is a subspecies of the Reduviidae family. The bug itself does not cause the disease. Through contact with the fecal matter from the kissing bug, which is excreted near the bite wound, the parasite enters the bloodstream and begins to develop and reproduce.

Our plan is to run blood tests on individuals who exhibit symptoms of FSGS to confirm if they express the APOL1 gene. The individuals whose blood we use, since we have to take both likelihood of affliction and ancestry into consideration, will be from people who are of West African descent. In order to confirm if the individual expresses the APOL1 gene, we will first take the individual’s blood sample, large enough to have a detectable amount of HDL cholesterol (potentially formed into an APOL1-HDL complex). We will then acquire a sample of the parasite. The parasite will be acquired by gathering the various species of Tsetse flies which serve as vectors for trypanosomes in West Africa. We can then cultivate a live axenic sample of

3 groups of 6 NHP’s labeled (D-F from 1-6) were each given three doses of 50mg Zmapp1 (c13C61, c2G41, c4G7) at 3 day interval but not all three groups were given the Zmapp1 all at the same day. Group D was treated with Zmapp1 during days 3, 6 and 9, Group E on 4, 7 and 10, and Group F on 5, 8 and 11. The control group (G) consisted of 3 NHP’s labeled (1, 2 and 3) which were given mAb4E10 or PBS after 4 days after infection. All animals were once again carefully monitored for any changes. The results were that all animals treated with Zmapp1 all survived but are showing different symptoms per group. The groups that were given the early dose of Zmapp1 tends to be more sick compare to Group F that were given the late dose of the treatment as shown in Table 3 and Figure 2. This states that Zmapp1 are able to reverse advanced symptoms of the disease that can be observed 12 days after

It also helps with the prevention of PCP in HIV-positive patients, but should be used cautiously due to the incidence of adverse reactions. This drug is also active against many strains of gram-positive pathogens including: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Nocardia, Enterococcus. It also has activity against many gram-negative pathogens, such as: Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant

Orphan diseases are rare diseases that affect less than 200,00 people nationwide. Due to the fact that they are not commonly found, they are are often overshadowed by more prevalent diseases, such as malaria or hepatitis. Therefore, this is often not enough government funding needed to research these diseases. Charcot Marie Tooth Disease (CMT) is one of the most common, yet unknown, rare neurological disorders. This disease mainly affects the nervous systems, often impairing motor skills and causing the decaying of muscles in the arms and legs. Charcot Marie Tooth Disease was first discovered in the early 1900s by Professor Jean Martin Charcot and Pierre Marie of France, and Henry Howard Tooth of England (Muscular Dystrophy Association). There

One of the important aspects to consider is the high resistance levels of H. pylori to antimicrobials agents commonly used for treatment of gastric mucosal infections, such as ampicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline and metronidazole

It is thought to exert its antimicrobial effect by inhibition of protein synthesis. It prevents the binding of amino-acyl-tRNA to the messenger RNA-30S ribosomal subunit.11

Charcot-Marie-Tooth also known as CMT is a disorders that damage the nerves in the arms and legs.

Biological transmission occurs when the pathogen reproduces within a biological vector that transmits the pathogen from one host to another . Arthropods are the main vectors responsible for biological transmission. For example, hemipterans (called “kissing bugs” or “assassin bugs”) transmit Chagas disease to humans by defecating when they bite, after which the hu-man scratches or rubs the infected feces into a mucous membrane or break in the

There is no vaccine or cure for lymphatic filariasis. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC), Albendazole and Ivermectine are drugs used for people seeking prevention or already suffer from Lymphatic Filariasis. The treatment help reduce microfilariae in human. People diagnosed with the disease require taking DEC for a long period of time. The medication can kill adult worms slowly. People at risk of getting the disease take the medication annually such as Albendazole 400 mg combined with Ivermectin 200 mcg for every kg of body weight, or take Diethylcarbamazine citrate ( DEC) 6mg/ kg. Dosage is taken three times a day for three weeks annually for five years. This is a method of prevention for non-infected individuals. For people that already have signs