Background of Study
Complications from surgery can cause an increase in patient suffering, increase the number of days confined in the hospital, escalation in health care costs and in serious cases, even cause death. Surgical site infections (SSIs) as a complication in surgery remain a serious concern for healthcare providers, including physicians, nurses, hospital administrators and even insurers who are liable for health care costs incurred in the hospital. SSIs, which increases the risk of patient mortality, often requires prolonged treatment and results in economic burden, have dire implications for the facility, surgeons, and more importantly for the patient (Kapadia, Johnson, Daley, Issa, & Mont, 2013). Kapadia et al. (2013)
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Methods of Study
The authors collected data for their study by utilizing and reviewing the facility’s reporting tool and database for patients who had primary total hip arthroplasty and also patients who required a re-opening and revision of hip arthroplasty. The researchers elected to use this method as it allowed them to identify patients with the more serious incisional or deep wound preprosthetic infections and reviewing from the same time period, compared this to a database that recorded patients using the CHG skin preparation method, which is the independent variable in this study and those who did not. Between January 01, 2007 and December 31, 2011, surgeons promoted the use of the skin preparation protocol, the application of CHG cloths the night before and morning of surgery. To verify compliance, patients affixed adhesive labels from the prep packages to an instruction sheet. Furthermore, nurses interviewed the patients on the day of their procedure about appropriate use of the CHG prep cloths. All patients received the facility’s standard skin preparation procedure, which was prepping the operative site with a mixed solution 74% isopropyl alcohol and of 0.7% iodine solution (Kapadia et al., 2013). In addition, all patients received the surgeon’s standard post-operative care protocol.
Treatment with postoperative antibiotics did not significantly reduce the risk of developing superficial SSIs, deep SSIs or organ space SSIs. The patients received postoperative antibiotics were significantly more likely to sustain a postoperative urinary tract infection (P=0.03), increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (P =0.01) and postoperative diarrhea (P = 0.02) while showing higher rates of both readmission (P= 0.08) and reoperation (P = 0.07) (Table 3) with a significantly longer postoperative length of stay (2.6 vs 1.4 days, P = 0.001) (Table1&
In recent years, surgical site infections are verified as one of the most errors that are common in the healthcare; however, they are also preventable. These research papers will synthesis information about surgical infections, patient experience, hospital-acquired conditions and achievement of expected treatment for specific clinical diagnoses. A surgical site infection is an infected condition in the body after surgery has occurred. Surgical site infections are caused by germs, called bacteria. Different types of bacteria from the environment may cause a delay in healing. The infection may come from surgical tools or bacteria on the skin if it is not clean correctly. Healthcare professionals use certain guidelines and
"You make 'em, I amuse 'em.", was Theodor Seuss Geisel’s famous answer when asked how he could write so well for kids when he was childless himself (Seuss). Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as “Dr. Seuss”, was a brilliant and creative author and illustrator of successful children’s books known today. Some of Geisel’s well-known works would include classics such as “The Cat in the Hat” and “Green Eggs and Ham”. These books, along with many more, contributed greatly to the education of beginner readers. Geisel’s life, from start to finish, reflected the skill and heart he had to influence America’s youth through stories that would last a lifetime.
Lastly, non-adherence to Aseptic techniques for surgical patients and with the use invasive of devices such as urinary catheter and central lines can pose as a threat to patients. Bathing patients prior to surgery with a chlorhexidine solution rather than regular soap has proven to reduce the spread of hospital acquired infections. Following protocols with urinary catheters and central lines and also following the guidelines in the care and maintenance of such devices. Another factor is the importance of using chlorhexidine solution for patients who have central lines in an effort to prevent getting an infection in the blood stream. Finally, the importance educating patients on all lines and surgical site care. According to Lobley, “the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence found that surgical site infections (SSIs) accounted for 14% of all HAIs and affected 5% of all surgical patients” (Lobley, 2013). Surgical site infection which is another form of hospital acquired infection can
Chest is the most commonly used incision area for cardiac surgery patient. Surgery surgical site infection (SSI) is life-threatening complication ranked as 3rd among all infection in health care facilities. SSI results morbidity mortality and increases medical expenses. Thus its is important to strengthened measures to prevent and control SSI. Uncleanness of surgical area can occur at any period of time before during and after. Numerous factors can contribute to the happening of SSI. To decrease the occurrence of SSI and improved quality of patient’s care, it is necessary to find out risk factor. Gain knowledge for planning and implementation of strategies for prevention and control of the infection is vital. Author of this paper would like
“I have neither given nor received help on this assignment, and pledge this work to be my original composition.” –Ashley Salinas
The agents chosen by most hospitals are chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) 2% and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). “The use of a 2% chlorhexidine-based preparation for cutaneous antisepsis is classified as a Category 1A recommendation—the highest level of recommendation the CDC bestows” (ChloraPrep FAQs, 2015). Alcohol is contraindicated in some instances “…including procedures in which the preparatory agent may pool or not dry, for example, procedures involving hai due to fire risk. Alcohol may also be contraindicated for procedures involving mucosa, cornea, or ear” (Anderson, et. al. 2014) Skin should be allowed to dry after the prepping of the skin. Chlorahexadine washes are encouraged the night before and the day of surgery.
It is very crucial for surgical site infection (SSI) be prevented since they are associated with increased antibiotics use, high healthcare costs, prolonged hospital stay, increased patient discomfort and they may also result to patient’s death. Completing a full clinical assessment is very important in identification of risk factors for developing SSI such as patient-related (endogenous) and the environment (exogenous) factors. Some of the risk factors are modifiable such as obesity, malnutrition, and tobacco use (Harrington, 2014).
The researchers’ goal was to achieve successful wound healing by identifying good practices before and during surgery. The study relied on evidence-based analysis to isolate the most successful practices. They saw that when wound healing was successful, an infection-free recovery from joint surgery was most likely. The authors argued that, because the chance of complications comes with the surgeries, medical practitioners must know the best practices for reducing the risk of infection after surgery (Jones, Russell, and Huo, 2015).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) surgical site infections (SSI) are the most frequent health associated infection (HAI) in low- and middle-income countries. There is an 11.8 per 100 incident rate for surgical procedures. Despite the fact that the United State of America is considered a high-income country, it is the second frequent HAI in the USA. The WHO has established comprehensive evidence based guidelines taking into account the differences in resource availability, values, and preferences of different populations.
A surgical site infection, or SSI, is an infection of a wound that was made due to surgery. Such infections can be superficial (infection of skin only) and other infections can be more serious (deep tissue infection). A superficial infection at the surgical site is defined as “an infection
My practical competencies have been obtained through working with a general and orthopaedic surgeon. Whilst working with my clinical supervisor, (a consultant orthopaedic surgeon) we decided it would be beneficial to review orthopaedic wound infections. I chose to concentrate on wound infections during a Total Hip Replacement (THR). Wound infections is a massive subject so I have selected specific areas to look at, which are:
In the times of the Romans the Germanic tribes of Europe were perceived as barbarians who were bent on destroying Rome and thus the Romans concluded that the lands of the Roman Empire needed to be defended against the foreign threat. The Chinese went as far as constructing one of the largest structures in the world, the Great Wall, in order to keep out the invading nomadic tribes who the Chinese saw as barbarians. There are countless other examples suggesting that empires throughout history have seen the need to secure themselves from threats. This paper will address the causes for the insecurity in the world and illustrate that in order to provide security to its citizens a state must take proactive
I came across an article that explains that the reality TV series “Teen Mom” and “16 and Pregnant” has spiked the rate of pregnant teens around 2006 and 2007 when the producers launched the first show 16 and pregnant. This lead to questioning if the hit TV show was affecting the young viewers sexual habits. Parents should enforce what their kids watch on TV, parents definitely have a say in what their underage kids can and can’t watch.
Postoperative surgical site infections according to Nichol (2001) remain a major source of illness in surgical patients. Beaver, (2008) point out that surgical infection is one of the side effects that occur after a patient has gone for surgery.